Figure 1.

Schematic representation of molecular mechanism of berberine involved with depression. The schematic drawing showed possible regulatory network of berberine in depression. Black arrows indicate stimulation. Some mechanisms are indicated by abbreviations. D1: dopamine 1 receptor; D2: dopamine 2 receptor; NE: norepinephrine; 5‐HT: serotonin; DA: dopamine; ROS: reactive oxygen species; NOX: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase; AMPK: adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; NO: nitric oxide; IDO: indoleamine‐ 2,3‐dioxygenase; BDNF: brain‐derived neurotrophic factor; eEF2: eukaryotic elongation factor 2; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; CREB: cAMP‐response element binding protein