Figure 4.

Liraglutide protects β‐cells against glucolipotoxicity‐induced oxidative stress and cellular senescence. A, Dihydroethidium staining results viewed under a fluorescence microscope show that liraglutide reduces high glucose and high FFA‐induced intracellular superoxide accumulation. B, Intracellular oxidative burst was determined by 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate using flow cytometric analysis. Liraglutide effectively reduced ROS levels in high glucose + FFA‐treated cells. C, Levels of some antioxidant signalling‐related proteins, including p‐AMPK/AMPK, Sirt1, Nrf2 and SOD1, as analysed through Western blot. D, Representative results of cytochemical detection of SA‐β‐galactosidase. SA‐β‐galactosidase positive cells are stained blue‐green, and staining intensity can be scored under a bright‐field microscope. All data were collected from at least three independent experiments, and values are presented as mean ± SEM. Significant differences were determined through multiple comparisons with Dunnett's posthoc test at *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared with the control groups. Scale bar = 20 μm