Table 1. Sociodemographic and Health Characteristics of Sample in Study on Racial/Ethnic Differences in Influenza (Flu) and Pneumococcal Vaccination Rates Among Adults Aged ≥50, by Location and Race/Ethnicity, 2009–2012a .
| Characteristic | % (95% Confidence Interval) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Hispanic Black |
Hispanic |
Chinese American |
Korean American |
Filipino American |
Vietnamese American |
|||
| New York City (n = 1,715) | Los Angeles and Orange Counties (n = 530) | New York City (n = 2,667) | Los Angeles and Orange Counties (n = 1,099) | New York City (n = 1,656) | New York City (n = 310) | Los Angeles and Orange Counties (n = 1,515) | Los Angeles and Orange Counties (n = 3,435) | |
| Flu vaccine (aged ≥50) | 53.3 (49.5–57.1) | 40.5 (36.8–44.4) | 61.0 (59.0–62.9) | 49.4 (42.1–56.7) | 67.6 (64.1–70.9) | 60.5 (52.7–67.9) | 66.2 (62.4–69.8) | 68.0 (66.5–69.4) |
| Pneumococcal vaccine (aged ≥65) | 62.0 (56.4–67.3) | 65.6 (62.9–68.2) | 60.0 (57.9–62.0) | 62.7 (53.7–70.8) | 51.7 (46.3–57.1) | 49.1 (35.0–63.2) | 63.4 (60.5–66.2) | 63.8 (61.0–66.4) |
| Age group | ||||||||
| 50–64 | 64.8 (61.3–68.1) | 60.7 (53.3–67.7) | 63.6 (55.4–71.2) | 72.0 (66.2–77.1) | 60.1 (57.2–63.0) | 69.6 (65.6–73.3) | 59.0 (54.2–63.5) | 67.3 (64.7–69.7) |
| ≥65 | 35.2 (31.9–38.7) | 39.3 (32.3–46.7) | 36.4 (28..8–44.7) | 28.0 (22.9–33.8) | 39.9 (37.0–42.8) | 30.4 (26.8–34.4) | 41.0 (36.5–45.8) | 32.7 (30.3–35.3) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 43.8 (39.2–48.5) | 43.1 (36.9–49.6) | 46.2 (40.0–52.5) | 48.9 (45.7–52.1) | 46.1 (42.8–49.4) | 50.6 (48.7–52.5) | 42.1 (40.2–44.2) | 51.4 (48.5–54.2) |
| Female | 56.2 (51.5–60.8) | 56.9 (50.5–63.1) | 53.8 (47.5–60.0) | 51.1 (47.9–54.3) | 53.9 (50.6–57.3) | 49.4 (47.5–51.4) | 57.9 (55.9–59.8) | 48.6 (45.8–51.5) |
| Nativity | ||||||||
| Born in the United States | 77.9 (69.7–84.4) | 92.6 (86.6–96.0) | 33.8 (27.8–40.3) | 27.3 (23.4–31.6) | 3.6 (2.6–4.9) | 1.0 (0.3–2.8) | 4.8 (3.7–6.1) | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) |
| Education | ||||||||
| <High school diploma | 24.0 (22.0–26.2) | 6.3 (5.2–7.5) | 49.9 (48.3–51.4) | 49.8 (43.4–56.2) | 50.9 (47.2–54.6) | 12.6 (9.0–17.2) | 3.6 (2.8–4.6) | 25.3 (22.8–28.0) |
| High school diploma/some college | 58.5 (56.1–60.9) | 63.0 (57.2–68.5) | 40.7 (38.8–42.5) | 38.3 (33.8–43.0) | 32.3 (30.6–34.0) | 50.4 (44.8–56.0) | 28.0 (26.3–29.9) | 48.3 (45.9–50.7) |
| College graduate | 17.5 (15.4–19.7) | 30.7 (24.5–37.8) | 9.5 (8.1–11.2) | 11.9 (9.8–14.4) | 16.8 (14.4–19.6) | 37.0 (28.9–46.0) | 68.3 (65.7–70.8) | 26.4 (24.1–29.0) |
| Self-reported health | ||||||||
| Excellent/very good | 27.1 (24.8–29.5) | 36.0 (33.0–39.1) | 16.9 (14.7–19.3) | 23.6 (19.5–28.3) | 17.8 (15.7–20.2) | 32.2 (23.0–43.1) | 32.1 (30.8–33.4) | 21.7 (19.7–23.8) |
| Good | 36.7 (34.4–39.2) | 38.8 (35.0–42.6) | 30.0 (28.0–32.1) | 33.0 (27.8–38.6) | 30.5 (24.3–37.4) | 41.4 (33.3–50.0) | 43.7 (42.9–44.5) | 35.9 (33.8–38.0) |
| Fair/poor | 36.2 (33.8–38.6) | 25.3 (23.6–27.0) | 53.1 (49.6–56.6) | 43.4 (34.6–52.8) | 51.7 (44.7–58.7) | 26.4 (24.6–28.2) | 24.3 (22.9–25.7) | 42.5 (39.1–45.9) |
| Health insurance | ||||||||
| Yes | 88.0 (86.5–89.3) | 87.6 (84.1–90.4) | 88.7 (87.2–90.1) | 71.7 (67.3–75.8) | 89.9 (87.4–91.9) | 76.8 (74.7–78.8) | 90.9 (89.6–92.0) | 85.7 (83.9–87.2) |
| No | 12.0 (10.7–13.5) | 12.4 (9.6–15.9) | 11.3 (9.9–12.8) | 28.3 (24.2–32.7) | 10.1 (8.1–12.6) | 23.2 (21.2–25.3) | 9.1 (8.0–10.4) | 14.3 (12.8–16.1) |
| Most recent checkup | ||||||||
| Within the past year | 83.9 (80.7–86.7) | 79.4 (69.9–86.4) | 83.7 (82.5–84.9) | 71.2 (67.2–74.4) | 84.3 (82.5–85.9) | 65.6 (63.2–68.0) | 80.8 (79.9–82.5) | 77.9 (75.7–79.9) |
| More than a year/never/do not know | 16.1 (13.3–19.3) | 20.6 (13.6–30.1) | 16.3 (15.1–17.5) | 28.8 (25.6–32.3) | 15.7 (14.1–17.5) | 34.4 (32.0–36.9) | 19.2 (17.5–21.1) | 22.1 (20.2–24.3) |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Current | 21.3 (19.4–23.3) | 15.6 (12.7–18.8) | 17.8 (16.0–19.8) | 10.1 (8.6–11.9) | 9.0 (7.4–10.8) | 15.2 (12.1–19.0) | 7.4 (5.5–9.3) | 10.6 (9.6–11.6) |
| Former | 30.6 (28.4–32.9) | 33.5 (28.1–39.4) | 26.7 (24.1–29.5) | 26.1 (22.8–29.7) | 15.5 (13.3–18.0) | 25.9 (22.3–30.0) | 19.9 (18.3–21.5) | 18.5 (16.3–21.1) |
| Never | 48.1 (45.0–51.3) | 50.9 (47.1–54.7) | 55.5 (53.0–58.0) | 63.8 (59.1–68.2) | 75.6 (73.1–77.9) | 58.9 (58.3–59.5) | 72.8 (70.3–75.1) | 70.9 (67.6–74.0) |
| Ever received diagnosis of stroke, angina, or coronary heart disease | ||||||||
| Yes | 15.7 (14.2–17.4) | 14.6 (12.1–17.6) | 18.2 (16.3–20.3) | 11.4 (9.8–13.2) | 11.6 (10.3–13.0) | 10.8 (9.6–12.1) | 11.6 (10.2–13.1) | 10.6 (9.6–11.7) |
| No/do not know | 84.3 (82.6–85.8) | 85.4 (82.4–87.9) | 81.8 (79.7–83.7) | 88.6 (86.8–90.2) | 88.4 (87.0–89.7) | 89.2 (87.9–90.4) | 88.4 (86.9–89.8) | 89.4 (88.3–90.4) |
| Needed a physician but was too costly | ||||||||
| Yes | 15.4 (12.8–18.3) | 15.5 (13.6–17.5) | 16.5 (15.0–18.0) | 25.7 (21.4–30.7) | 11.5 (10.8–12.2) | 30.7 (26.7–35.0) | 13.6 (11.9–15.5) | 15.8 (14.3–17.5) |
| No | 84.6 (81.7–87.2) | 84.5 (82.5–86.4) | 83.5 (82.0–85.0) | 74.3 (69.4–78.6) | 88.5 (87.8–89.2) | 69.3 (65.0–73.4) | 86.4 (84.5–88.1) | 84.2 (82.5–85.7) |
| Ever received a diabetes diagnosis | ||||||||
| Yes | 27.3 (25.1–29.7) | 23.5 (21.6–25.4) | 30.9 (27.8–34.3) | 24.2 (21.7–26.9) | 18.7 (16.9–20.6) | 21.4 (18.1–25.0) | 29.6 (28.3–31.0) | 17.5 (16.7–18.3) |
| No | 72.7 (70.3–74.9) | 76.5 (74.6–78.4) | 69.1 (65.7–72.2) | 75.8 (73.1–78.3) | 81.3 (79.4–83.1) | 78.6 (75.0–81.9) | 70.4 (69.0–71.7) | 82.6 (81.7–83.3) |
a
The REACH US Risk Factor Survey was conducted annually from 2009 to 2012 to evaluate program activities in 28 communities (12).