Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for the impact of tumor size on OS
| Characteristics | Number (%) | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Gender (Male/Female) | 13641 (73.4)/4950 (26.6) | 0.98 (0.94‐1.02) | 0.35 | ||
| Age (≤63/>63) | 9872 (53.1)/8719 (46.9) | 1.48 (1.42‐1.54) | <0.001 | 1.28 (1.15‐1.43) | <0.001 |
| Year of diagnosis | |||||
| 2004‐2007 | 5421 (29.2) | 1 (reference) | <0.001 | 1 (reference) | 0.02 |
| 2008‐2010 | 5791 (31.1) | 0.95 (0.91‐1.00) | 0.04 | 0.81 (0.68‐0.95) | 0.01 |
| 2011‐2013 | 7379 (39.7) | 0.85 (0.81‐0.90) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.64‐0.92) | 0.004 |
| Tumor size (mm) | |||||
| ≤30 | 7119 (38.3) | 1 (reference) | <0.001 | 1 (reference) | <0.001 |
| 31‐50 | 5006 (26.9) | 1.48 (1.41‐1.56) | <0.001 | 1.53 (1.35‐1.75) | <0.001 |
| >50 | 6466 (34.8) | 2.48 (2.37‐2.60) | <0.001 | 2.23 (1.94‐2.56) | <0.001 |
| N classification (N0/N1) | 17972 (96.7)/619 (3.3) | 2.39 (2.18‐2.61) | <0.001 | 1.40 (1.03‐1.90) | 0.03 |
| M classification (M0/M1) | 17398 (93.6)/1193 (6.4) | 3.55 (3.32‐3.78) | <0.001 | 2.78 (2.22‐3.49) | <0.001 |
| Vascular invasion (No/Yes) | 16548 (89.0) /2043 (11.0) | 0.96 (0.90‐1.02) | 0.16 | ||
| AFP level (Normal and Borderline/Elevated) | 4782 (33.1)/9680 (66.9) | 1.55 (1.48‐1.63) | <0.001 | 1.40 (1.25‐1.58) | <0.001 |
| Fibrosis score (0‐4/5‐6) | 1239 (23.1)/4122 (76.9) | 1.28 (1.17‐1.41) | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.16‐1.58) | <0.001 |
| Surgery type | |||||
| No surgery | 10930 (59.0) | 1 (reference) | <0.001 | 1 (reference) | <0.001 |
| RFA | 2377 (12.8) | 0.41 (0.39‐0.44) | <0.001 | 0.54 (0.45‐0.64) | <0.001 |
| Liver resection | 2974 (16.1) | 0.30 (0.29‐0.32) | <0.001 | 0.37 (0.31‐0.45) | <0.001 |
| Liver transplantation | 1505 (8.1) | 0.15 (0.14‐0.17) | <0.001 | 0.17 (0.13‐0.23) | <0.001 |
| Other surgery | 733 (4.0) | 0.59 (0.54‐0.65) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.62 ‐ 1.19) | 0.36 |
| Race | |||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 201 (1.1) | 1 (reference) | <0.001 | 1 (reference) | <0.001 |
| White | 12732 (68.7) | 0.99 (0.83‐1.19) | 0.93 | 0.88 (0.56‐1.39) | 0.58 |
| Black | 2228 (12.0) | 1.10 (0.91‐1.33) | 0.31 | 0.97 (0.60‐1.56) | 0.89 |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 3360 (18.1) | 0.70 (0.58‐0.84) | <0.001 | 0.48 (0.30‐0.77) | 0.002 |
| Marriage status | |||||
| Widowed | 1931 (10.9) | 1 (reference) | <0.001 | ||
| Divorced or separated or single | 6026 (33.9) | 0.76 (0.71‐0.81) | <0.001 | ||
| Married | 9836 (55.3) | 0.62 (0.59‐0.66) | <0.001 | ||
| Insurance status (Uninsured/Insured) | 463 (3.8)/11628 (96.2) | 0.64 (0.57‐0.73) | <0.001 | ||
OS, overall survival; HR, hazard ratio; AFP, alpha‐fetoprotein; RFA, radiofrequency ablation.