Table 2.
Outcome parameters of the patients at baseline and after 90-day intervention
| Baseline | After 90-day intervention | P value | ||
| Anthropometric measurements | ||||
| Body weight (kg) | 56.4 ± 7.3 | 57.4 ± 7.1 | Ns | |
| BMI (kg m-2) | 22.4 ± 3.9 | 22.8 ± 4.3 | Ns | |
| SMI (kg m-2) | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 6.4 ± 0.6 | Ns | |
| Arm SMI (kg m-2) | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | Ns | |
| Leg SMI (kg m-2) | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | Ns | |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 24.4 ± 6.7 | 21.7 ± 6.7 | 0.012 | |
| QOL assessment | ||||
| QOL (EQ-5D-5L), median (range) | 0.84 (0.49–1.00) | 0.89 (0.45–1.00) | Ns | |
| QOL (VAS) (mm) | 70.5 ± 22 | 71.5 ± 23 | Ns | |
| Blood examination | ||||
| CRP (mg dL-1) | 1.39 ± 1.8 | 1.10 ± 1.8 | Ns | |
| TNF-α (pg mL-1) | 26.3 ± 5.8 | 53.3 ± 40 | Ns | |
| IL-6 (pg mL-1) | 12.9 ± 6.7 | 9.9 ± 6.2 | Ns | |
| IL-1β (pg mL-1) | 29.9 ± 22 | 26.7 ± 21 | Ns | |
| Dietetic consumption* | ||||
| Kcal (Kcal/day) | 1618 ± 490 | 1652 ± 490 | Ns | |
| Proteins (g/day) | 61.8 ± 19 | 67.7 ± 28 | Ns | |
| CHO (g/day) | 226 ± 74 | 224 ± 92 | Ns | |
| Fat (g/day) | 46.0 ± 74 | 51.7 ± 24 | Ns | |
| n-3 fatty acid (g/day) | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 1.4 | Ns | |
| α-linolenic acid (g/day) | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | Ns | |
| EPA (g/day) | 0.22 ± 0.13 | 0.42 ± 0.26 | 0.038 | |
| DHA (g/day) | 0.38 ± 0.18 | 0.56 ± 0.38 | Ns | |
*After 90-day intervention of dietetic consumption includes both food intake and nutritional supplement.
Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed with paired t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
BMI, body mass index; CHO, carbohydrates; CRP, c-reactive protein; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; EQ-5D-5L, EuroQol5 dimensions 5 levels; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; Kcal, kilocalories; Ns, not significant; QOL, quality of life; SMI, skeletal mass index; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor; VAS, visual analogue scale.