Table 1.
Effects of technical materials of pesticides on erythropoiesis in bone marrow of CD-1 mice at the highest doses in the experiments.
| № | Pesticide name | Purity (%) | MTD/The highest dose (mg/kg b.w.) | Vehicle (negative control) | Proportion of PCEs among total erythrocytes (% of control value, ±SD) |
Suppression of erythropoiesis (p-value. α = 0,01)a |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| females (♀) | males (♂) | females (♀) | males (♂) | |||||
| 1 | Azoxystrobin | 98.0 | 2000 | 0.5% potato starch | 101.9 ± 5.6 | 92 ± 26 | – | – |
| 2 | Bentazone | 97.0 | 800 | 1% potato starch | 112 ± 12 | 96.1 ± 3.9 | – | – |
| 3 | Bispyribac acid | 95.2 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 79 ± 16 | 86.3 ± 7.8 | – | – |
| 4 | Chlorothalonil | 99.0 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 96.5 ± 8.8 | 108 ± 10 | – | – |
| 5 | Chlorothalonil | 98.6 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 96 ± 19 | 78.4 ± 2.0 | – | – |
| 6 | Chlorsulfuron | 95.4 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 94.2 ± 5.8 | 90.9 ± 5.5 | – | – |
| 7 | Clethodim | 94.1 | 500 | 55.9% methyl-beta-cyclodextrin | 91 ± 13 | 102.1 ± 6.4 | – | – |
| 8 | Clopyralid | 97.5 | 1000 | 1% potato starch | 72 ± 18 | 73 ± 20 | – | – |
| 9 | Clopyralid | 95.5 | 1000 | 1% potato starch | 90. ± 12 | 67 ± 22 | – | – |
| 10 | Clopyralid | 95.0 | 1000 | 1% potato starch | 102.2 ± 6.5 | 85 ± 28 | – | – |
| 11 | Clothianidin | 98.1 | 200 | 1% potato starch | 100.0 ± 7.4 | 104 ± 14 | – | – |
| 12 | Clothianidin | 97.2 | 180 | 1% potato starch | 98 ± 20 | 79 ± 11 | – | – |
| 13 | Cypermethrin | 92.2 | 63 | Sunflower oil | 72 ± 20 | 78 ± 13 | – | – |
| 14 | α-Cypermethrin | 98.0 | 30 - ♀, 20 - ♂ | Sunflower oil | 98 ± 21 | 98 ± 12 | – | – |
| 15 | Cyproconazole | 94.0 | 280 | 1% potato starch | 37 ± 18 | 29 ± 12 | + (0.000) | + (0.000) |
| 16 | 2,4-D acid | 98.8 | 125 | Sunflower oil | 91 ± 11 | 91.1 ± 8.9 | – | – |
| 17 | 2,4-D acid (2-ethylhexyl ester) | 95.4 | 450 | Sunflower oil | 82.6 ± 6.5 | 61 ± 22 | – | – |
| 18 | Desmedipham | 99.4 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 92 ± 17 | 97 ± 10 | – | – |
| 19 | Desmedipham | 98.3 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 87.3 ± 9.1 | 98 ± 14 | – | – |
| 20 | Dicamba acid | 98.3 | 600 | Sunflower oil | 88 ± 11 | 82 ± 14 | – | – |
| 21 | Dicamba acid | 98.1 | 600 | Sunflower oil | 92.2 ± 7.8 | 79.6 ± 9.3 | – | – |
| 22 | Dicamba acid (dimethylamine salt) | 98.3 | 600 | 1% potato starch | 98 ± 14 | 98.0 ± 9.8 | – | – |
| 23 | Difenoconazole | 97.9 | 1000 | 1% potato starch | 59 ± 17 | 62 ± 20 | + (0.001) | + (0.004) |
| 24 | Diflufenican | 98.7 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 98 ± 17 | 106 ± 11 | – | – |
| 25 | Dimethoate | 98.0 | 60 | 0.5% potato starch | 90.2 ± 9.8 | 75.0 ± 5.0 | – | – |
| 26 | Dimethomorph | 98.2 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 112.0 ± 8.0 | 94 ± 11 | – | – |
| 27 | Diquat dibromid | 40.0 | 40 - ♀, 20 - ♂ | water for injection | 96 ± 14 | 87.8 ± 4.1 | – | – |
| 28 | Diquat dibromid | 41.3 | 37.5 | Water for injection | 92 ± 10 | 84 ± 16 | – | – |
| 29 | Diquat dibromid | 40.0 | 40 | Water for injection | 82 ± 15 | 89 ± 18 | – | – |
| 30 | Dithianon | 95.2 | 150 | 0.5% potato starch | 93.8 ± 4.2 | 80.8 ± 3.9 | – | – |
| 31 | Ethametsulfuron-methyl | 97.8 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 104 ± 14 | 91.5 ± 6.8 | – | – |
| 32 | Ethametsulfuron-methyl | 95.0 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 95.8 ± 8.3 | 108 ± 19 | – | – |
| 33 | Ethofumesate | 97.3 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 114 ± 10 | 109 ± 13 | – | – |
| 34 | Ethofumesate | 98.3 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 80.0 ± 5.5 | 82 ± 20 | – | – |
| 35 | Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl | 98.0 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 110.4 ± 4.2 | 82.7 ± 9.6 | – | – |
| 36 | Fipronil | 98.3 | 25 | Sunflower oil | 88 ± 19 | 100 ± 7.8 | – | – |
| 37 | Florasulam | 98.2 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 94.0 ± 8.0 | 106 ± 19 | – | – |
| 38 | Flutriafol | 94.0 | 150b | 1% potato starch | 18.52 ± 7.4 | 14.3 ± 2.0 | + (0.000) | + (0.000) |
| 50 | 1% potato starch | 50 ± 20 | 41 ± 18 | + (0.001) | + (0.000) | |||
| 39 | Flutriafol | 97.6 | 300b | 1% potato starch | 14.0 ± 7.0 | 18 ± 10 | + (0.000) | + (0.000) |
| 50 | 1% potato starch | 40 ± 12 | 34 ± 16 | + (0.000) | + (0.000) | |||
| 40 | Flutriafol | 95.6 | 286b | Sunflower oil | 25 ± 12 | 13.7 ± 2.0 | + (0.000) | + (0.000) |
| 143 | Sunflower oil | 55.8 ± 5.8 | 53 ± 18 | + (0.000) | + (0.000) | |||
| 41 | Glyphosate | 95.7 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 108.0 ± 8.0 | 101.9 ± 7.7 | – | – |
| 42 | Glyphosate | 98.3 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 98.1 ± 5.8 | 78 ± 14 | – | – |
| 43 | Glyphosate | 95.1 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 102 ± 10 | 102 ± 9.8 | – | – |
| 44 | Glyphosate | 95.8 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 115 ± 11 | 115.7 ± 7.8 | – | – |
| 45 | Imazalil | 97.8 | 300 | Sunflower oil | 110 ± 15 | 112.2 ± 6.1 | – | – |
| 46 | Imazamox | 97.0 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 113 ± 15 | 106 ± 14 | – | – |
| 47 | Imazamox | 98.0 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 92.7 ± 7.3 | 112 ± 12 | – | – |
| 48 | Imazamox | 97.3 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 87 ± 13 | 84 ± 22 | – | – |
| 49 | Imazethapyr | 97.9 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 106 ± 11 | 88.2 ± 7.8 | – | – |
| 50 | Imidacloprid | 98.0 | 75 | 1% potato starch | 110 ± 16 | 107 ± 17 | – | – |
| 51 | Imidacloprid | 97.1 | 60 | 1% potato starch | 100 ± 15 | 72.9 ± 8.5 | – | – |
| 52 | Imidacloprid | 97.1 | 120 | 0.5% potato starch | 103.9 ± 7.8 | 94.4 ± 5.6 | – | – |
| 53 | Imidacloprid | 97.0 | 90 | 0.5% potato starch | 96.1 ± 5.9 | 94.3 ± 5.7 | – | – |
| 54 | Imidacloprid | 97.0 | 60 | 0.5% potato starch | 100 ± 12 | 114 ± 22 | – | – |
| 55 | Isoproturon | 97.2 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 114 ± 17 | 98.2 ± 7.3 | – | – |
| 56 | Mefenpyr diethyl | 96.4 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 102.0 ± 8.0 | 93 ± 11 | – | – |
| 57 | Mesotrione | 98.8 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 122 ± 13 | 88 ± 20 | – | – |
| 58 | Mesotrione | 98.2 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 106 ± 16 | 105.7 ± 5.7 | – | – |
| 59 | Metribuzin | 93.5 | 250 | 1% potato starch | 108.7 ± 6.5 | 110.6 ± 8.5 | – | – |
| 60 | Metribuzin | 99.7 | 250 | 1% potato starch | 98 ± 15 | 100 ± 11 | – | – |
| 61 | Metsulfuron-methyl | 99.4 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 91.6 ± 8.3 | 90.4 ± 7.7 | – | – |
| 62 | Nicosulfuron | 95.5 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 96 ± 11 | 102.0 ± 9.8 | – | – |
| 63 | Oxyfluorfen | 97.1 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 90 ± 26 | 84 ± 32 | – | – |
| 64 | Pendimethalin | 95.7 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 94.5 ± 9.1 | 107.8 ± 7.8 | – | – |
| 65 | Phenmedipham | 98.6 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 94 ± 11 | 113.7 ± 5.9 | – | – |
| 66 | Picloram | 95.6 | 2000 | Sunflower oil | 82 ± 13 | 94 ± 18 | – | – |
| 67 | Pirimiphos-methyl | 93.0 | 150 | Sunflower oil | 92 ± 12 | 86 ± 13 | – | – |
| 68 | Prometryn | 97.3 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 83 ± 14 | 78 ± 20 | – | – |
| 69 | Propisochlor | 95.1 | 1000 | Sunflower oil | 83 ± 23 | 83 ± 25 | – | – |
| 70 | Quizalofop-P-ethyl | 96.0 | 1000 | 1% potato starch | 96 ± 24 | 102 ± 12 | – | – |
| 71 | Rimsulfuron | 98.2 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 110.0 ± 6.0 | 101.8 ± 7.1 | – | – |
| 72 | S-metolachlor | 97.0 | 1000 | Sunflower oil | 100 ± 17 | 86 ± 19 | – | – |
| 73 | S-metolachlor | 96.0 | 2000 | Sunflower oil | 80 ± 12 | 85.2 ± 7.4 | – | – |
| 74 | S-metolachlor | 98.6 | 2000 | Sunflower oil | 87.0 ± 7.4 | 108.2 ± 2.0 | – | – |
| 75 | Tebuconazole | 98.4 | 1000 | 1% potato starch | 57.1 ± 4.1 | 61.7 ± 8.5 | + (0.007) | + (0.000) |
| 76 | Terbuthylazine | 97.2 | 2000 | Water for injection | 109 ± 15 | 80 ± 30 | – | – |
| 77 | Thiamethoxam | 95.3 | 600 | 0.5% potato starch | 88 ± 17 | 104 ± 15 | – | – |
| 78 | Thifensulfuron-methyl | 97.1 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 94.0 ± 6.0 | 98 ± 12 | – | – |
| 79 | Tribenuron-methyl | 97.5 | 2000 | 1% potato starch | 86.2 ± 6.9 | 76.9 ± 9.2 | – | – |
a
Independent samples t-test.
b
The highest dose in the preliminary dose-finding experiment.