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. 2018 Dec 7;142(1):15–22. doi: 10.1093/brain/awy302

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© The Author(s) (2018). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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r(X,Y) and r(X,Δ) have the same residuals. Left: Least squares linear fits for analyses relating baselines to (top) outcomes and (bottom) recovery, using the fitters’ data reported by Zarahn et al. (2011). Middle: Plots of residuals relative to each least squares line, against the fitted values in each case. Right: A scatter plot of the residuals from the model relating baselines to change, against the residuals from the model relating baselines to outcomes: the two sets of residuals are the same.