Table 1.

The influence of litter year (i.e., first vs. second), litter age (in weeks), litter size, sex, and prepartum odor treatment on coyote risk‐taking behavior within coyote (a) adults, (b) pups, and (c) both age classes combined

Fixed effect	(a) β (95% CI)	(b) β (95% CI)	(c) β (95% CI)
Intercept	−2.398 (−5.862, 1.688)	−3.061 (−5.268, −0.950)	−2.413 (−4.705, −0.020)
Litter (1st vs. 2nd)	3.690 (1.738, 6.046)	2.662 (1.580, 4.076)	2.705 (1.360, 4.030)
Age	0.0502 (−0.040, 0.155)	0.103 (0.063, 0.154)	0.094 (0.055, 0.137)
Litter size	0.632 (−0.107, 1.568)	0.051 (−0.445, 0.570)	0.395 (−0.028, 1.054)
Sex	−0.451 (−2.623, 0.984)	0.028 (−0.425, 0.583)	−0.037 (−0.482, 0.487)
Odor	−0.753 (−2.623, 1.386)	0.517 (−0.647, 1.437)	0.276 (−0.769, 1.395)
Age class	–	–	−2.273 (−3.664, −1.222)

Models (a) and (b) do not examine the fixed effect of age class, as models are partitioned within‐age class. Estimates of fixed effects (β) are given with 95% credible intervals (n = 2,553 observations, 89 individuals and 16 cohorts). Estimates that do not overlap zero (i.e., pMCMC < 0.05) are significant and in bold. Null and alternative model comparisons can be found in the Supporting information Appendix S1: Table S2. Final models were chosen based on ΔDIC = 0.