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. 2018 Dec 21;9:1879. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01879

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Copyright © 2018 Thijs, Witters, Janssen, Ruttens, Weyens, Herzig, Mench, Van Slycken, Meers, Meiresonne and Vangronsveld.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mean DW stem biomass production per plant (ton) ha^-1 year^-1 and the metal concentrations in stem tissues of experimental willow and poplar clones after a second 4-year growth cycle, organized per block and crossing type. Error bars are SEs (n = 5–10). Stars represent significant differences at the level of p < 0.05 (^∗), p < 0.01 (^∗∗) and p < 0.001 (^∗∗∗) between clones within a year (ANOVA, Tukey-HSD). No significant differences for each crossing type between the blocks were detected (t-test).