Table 4.
Multivariable analysis on stunting with and without interaction effects between duration of breastfeeding and wealth index
| Factors | With interaction terms | Without interaction terms | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (SE) | 95%CI | Odds ratio (SE) | 95%CI | |
| I. Parental level factors | ||||
| Maternal education | ||||
| No education | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Primary | 0.54 (0.12) | 0.35–0.82*** | 0.55 (0.12) | 0.36–0.84* |
| Secondary | 0.42 (0.09) | 0.27–0.64*** | 0.42 (0.09) | 0.28–0.65*** |
| Diploma | 0.40 (0.10) | 0.25–0.64*** | 0.40 (0.10) | 0.25–0.65*** |
| Bachelor’s degree | 0.41 (0.10) | 0.25–0.66*** | 0.41 (0.10) | 0.26–0.67*** |
| Higher Bachelor’s degree | 0.76 (0.29) | 0.37–1.59 | 0.77 (0.29) | 0.37–1.60 |
| Mother’s age at birth | ||||
| < 20 year | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 20–29 years | 0.89 (0.11) | 0.69–1.13 | 0.89 (0.11) | 0.70–1.13 |
| 30–39 years | 0.68 (0.09) | 0.52–0.89*** | 0.68 (0.09) | 0.52–0.89* |
| 40 years and above | 0.60 (0.11) | 0.42–0.85* | 0.60 (0.11) | 0.42–0.86* |
| Duration of breastfeeding | ||||
| < 12 months | 1.00 | |||
| > 12 months | 1.35 (0.11) | 1.15–1.58*** | ||
| Number of ANC* | ||||
| < 4 Times | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≥ 4 Times | 1.03 (0.35) | 0.53–2.01 | 1.02 (0.35) | 0.52–2.00 |
| Cannot remember visit number | 1.42 (0.66) | 0.57–3.51 | 1.42 (0.66) | 0.57–3.52 |
| II. Child level factors | ||||
| Perceived size of baby at birth* | ||||
| Small | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Average | 0.68 (0.14) | 0.45–1.03 | 0.69 (0.15) | 0.45–1.04 |
| Large | 0.59 (0.15) | 0.36–0.98* | 0.59 (0.15) | 0.35–0.97* |
| Cannot clearly determine the size | 0.38 (0.14) | 0.19–0.78* | 0.38 (0.14) | 0.18–0.78* |
| History of recent diarrhoea | ||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 1.07 (0.21) | 0.73–1.56 | 1.07 (0.21) | 0.73–1.56 |
| III. Household level factors | ||||
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poorest | 1.00 | |||
| Poorer | 0.74 (0.09) | 0.58–0.95* | ||
| Middle | 0.60 (0.08) | 0.47–0.77*** | ||
| Richer | 0.48 (0.07) | 0.37–0.63*** | ||
| Richest | 0.46 (0.07) | 0.33–0.63*** | ||
| IV. Community level factors | ||||
| Type of residence | ||||
| Municipal | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Non-municipal | 1.13 (0.09) | 0.96–1.32 | 1.12 (0.09) | 0.96–1.32 |
| Geographic zone | ||||
| Bangkok | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Central | 0.76 (0.12) | 0.56–1.05 | 0.77 (0.13) | 0.56–1.06 |
| Northern | 0.59 (0.10) | 0.43–0.82*** | 0.59 (0.10) | 0.43–0.82*** |
| Northeastern | 0.60 (0.10) | 0.44–0.83*** | 0.60 (0.10) | 0.43–0.83*** |
| Southern | 0.90 (0.14) | 0.66–1.23 | 0.91 (0.14) | 0.67–1.24 |
| V. Duration of breastfeeding and Wealth index | ||||
| BF < 12 months and Poorest | 1.00 | |||
| BF < 12 months and Poor | 0.86 (0.15) | 0.61–1.21 | ||
| BF < 12 months and Middle | 0.67 (0.12) | 0.48–0.94* | ||
| BF < 12 months and Rich | 0.65 (0.11) | 0.46–0.92* | ||
| BF < 12 months and Richest | 0.50 (0.10) | 0.34–0.74*** | ||
| BF > 12 months and Poorest | 1.79 (0.32) | 1.26–2.55*** | ||
| BF > 12 months and Poor | 1.16 (0.22) | 0.80–1.67 | ||
| BF > 12 months and Middle | 0.98 (0.19) | 0.67–1.44 | ||
| BF > 12 months and Rich | 0.53 (0.11) | 0.35–0.81*** | ||
| BF > 12 months and Richest | 0.80 (0.19) | 0.51–1.27 | ||
Note: * P-value < 0.05, **P-value < 0.01, and *** P-value < 0.001