Table 1.
Examples of association of district level urbanization and human development index (HDI) with prevalence of overweight, hypertension and hyperglycemia (random blood glucose ≥140 mg/dl) among 15–49 years old women and 15–54 year old men in NFHS-4 in Indian states at high (Kerala, Tamil Nadu), middle (Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh) and low (Uttar Pradesh, Bihar) levels of HDI (Spearman’s correlation coefficient).
| States (HDI) | Overweight/Obesity |
Hypertension |
Hyperglycemia |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | ||
| Kerala (0.712) | Urbanization | −0.235 | 0.095 | −0.138 | −0.128 | −0.367 | −0.534* |
| HDI | 0.279 | 0.464 | 0.068 | 0.282 | 0.187 | −0.044 | |
| Tamil Nadu (0.666) | Urbanization | 0.302 | 0.660** | 0.062 | 0.371* | −0.016 | 0.069 |
| HDI | 0.091 | 0.758* | 0.248 | 0.225 | 0.316 | 0.212 | |
| Rajasthan (0.577) | Urbanization | 0.484** | 0.591** | 0.306* | 0.294 | 0.139 | 0.045 |
| HDI | 0.592** | 0.625** | 0.494** | 0.294 | 0.144 | 0.052 | |
| Madhya Pradesh (0.557) | Urbanization | 0.319* | 0.634** | 0.167 | −0.007 | 0.112 | 0.095 |
| HDI | 0.558** | 0.573** | 0.159 | 0.001 | −0.008 | 0.008 | |
| Uttar Pradesh (0.542) | Urbanization | 0.368** | 0.588** | −0.231 | −0.332** | 0.096 | −0.004 |
| HDI | 0.381** | 0.417** | −0.131 | −0.357** | −0.164 | −0.269* | |
| Bihar (0.536) | Urbanization | 0.190 | 0.268 | 0.004 | 0.087 | 0.040 | 0.179 |
| HDI | −0.100 | 0.116 | 0.313 | −0.085 | −0.036 | −0.116 | |
HDI Human development index.
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.01.