Table 1.
Nobel Prizes related to crystallography with prize motivations as provided by the Nobel Committee. The recipients of prizes related to macromolecular crystallography are shown in bold. Nationalities are listed as shown on the Nobel Foundation web page, indicating the country where the award-winning work was primarily done.
| Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen | 1901 | Physics | Germany | In recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him |
| Max von Laue | 1914 | Physics | Germany | For discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals |
| William Henry Bragg | 1915 | Physics | UK | For their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays |
| William Lawrence Bragg | 1915 | Physics | UK | |
| Peter Debye | 1936 | Chemistry | Germany | For his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases |
| Clinton Joseph Davisson George Paget Thomson |
1937 | Physics | USA | For their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals |
| UK | ||||
| James Batcheller Sumner | 1946 | Chemistry | USA | For his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized |
| John Howard Northrop | 1946 | Chemistry | USA | For their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form |
| Wendell Meredith Stanley | 1946 | Chemistry | USA | |
| Linus Pauling | 1954 | Chemistry | USA | For his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances |
| John Kendrew | 1962 | Chemistry | USA | For their studies of the structures of globular proteins |
| Max Perutz | 1962 | Chemistry | UK | |
| Francis Crick | 1962 | Medicine | UK | For their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material |
| James Watson | 1962 | Medicine | UK | |
| Maurice Wilkins | 1962 | Medicine | UK | |
| Dorothy Hodgkin | 1964 | Chemistry | UK | For her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances |
| William Lipscomb | 1976 | Chemistry | USA | For his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding |
| Aaron Klug | 1982 | Chemistry | UK | For his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes |
| Herbert Hauptman | 1985 | Chemistry | USA | For their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures |
| Jerome Karle | 1985 | Chemistry | USA | |
| Johann Deisenhofer | 1988 | Chemistry | Germany | For the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre |
| Robert Huber | 1988 | Chemistry | Germany | |
| Hartmut Michel | 1988 | Chemistry | Germany | |
| Pierre-Gilles de Gennes | 1991 | Physics | France | For discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers |
| Georges Charpak | 1992 | Physics | France | For his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber |
| Bertam Brockhouse | 1994 | Physics | Canada | For the development of neutron spectroscopy |
| Clifford Shull | 1994 | Physics | USA | For the development of the neutron diffraction technique |
| John Walker | 1997 | Chemistry | UK | For the elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
| Roderick MacKinnon | 2003 | Chemistry | USA | For structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels |
| Roger Kornberg | 2006 | Chemistry | USA | For his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription |
| Venkatraman Ramakrishnan | 2009 | Chemistry | UK | For studies of the structure and function of the ribosome |
| Thomas Steitz | 2009 | Chemistry | USA | |
| Ada Yonath | 2009 | Chemistry | Israel | |
| Andre Geim | 2010 | Physics | UK | For groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene |
| Konstantin Novoselov | 2010 | Physics | UK | |
| Dan Shechtman | 2011 | Chemistry | Israel | For the discovery of quasicrystals |
| Robert Lefkowitz | 2012 | Chemistry | USA | For studies of G-protein-coupled receptors |
| Brian Kobilka | 2012 | Chemistry | USA | |
| Martin Karplus | 2013 | Chemistry | USA | For the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems |
| Michael Levitt | 2013 | Chemistry | USA | |
| Arieh Warshel | 2013 | Chemistry | USA |