Table 1.
A summary of major findings of lipidomics in CVD.
| Disease/Study | Sample (number) | Method | Major findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAD | Plasma (220) | LC-MS/MS | 10 species of PE(O) were negatively associated with unstable CAD | Meikle et al. [10] |
| Incident CVD | Plasma (685) | Shotgun-MS/MS | TG-54:2, CE-16:1, and PC-36:5 were consistently linked to incident CVD | Stegemann et al. [11] |
| Mortality | Plasma (3316) | ESI-MS/MS | PC-32:0, SM-16:0, SM-24:1 and CM-24:1 were positively associated with mortality | Sigruener et al. [17] |
| Incident CVD | Plasma (3668) | LC-TOF-MS | LPC-18:1, LPC-18:2, and SM-28:1 were positively associated with incident CVD | Ganna et al. [18] |
| Incident CVD | Serum (13441) | NMR | Higher phenylalanine and MUFAs, lower omega-6 FA, and docosahexaenoic acids were associated with incident CVD | Wurtz et al. [19] |
| Incident CVD | Serum (8101) | LC-MS/MS | CM-d18:1/18:0 had the strongest association with incident CVD | Havulinna et al. [20] |
| Myocardial infarction | Plasma (1488) | GC-MS/MS | Higher long-chain n-3 fatty acids and stearic acid and lower arachidonic acid were associated with myocardial infarction risk | Sun et al. [21] |
| CAD | HDL (67) | LC-MS/MS | HDL-associated PC-33:3, PC-35:2, and PC-34:2 were lower in CAD | Sutter et al. [22] |
| Incident CVD in T2DM | Plasma (3154) | LC-ESI-MS/MS | Additional 7 lipid species along with traditional risk factors improved incident CVD prediction | Alshehry et al. [23] |
| Myocardial infarction | Plasma (28) | LC-ESI-MS/MS | Lipid peroxidation pathways including oxidized PL and isoprostanes, isomers of prostaglandins, were elevated in myocardial infarction | Lu et al. [24] |
| Incident CVD | Plasma (688) | LC-MRM-MS/MS | TG-rich lipoproteins have a positive correlation with CVD risk | Pechlaner et al. [25] |
| Atherosclerosis | Plaque (26) | Shotgun-MS/MS | 24 unique lipid species were detected in plaque | Stegemann et al. [30] |
| Stenosis | Plasma (136) | GGE, VAP-II, NMR, ion mobility | Stenoses were consistently associated with higher in-study plasma concentrations of small, dense LDL | Williams et al. [31] |
| Atherosclerosis | Plasma (581) | LC-QTOF-MS | CM-d18:1/16:0 was associated with higher necrotic core fractions on IVUS-VH, and higher LCBI on NIRS | Cheng et al. [32] |
| Atherosclerosis | Serum (124) | LC-FIA-MS/MS | PC-diacyl-28:1, PC-diacyl-30:0, PC-diacyl-32:2, PC-acyl-alkyl-30:0 PC-acyl-alkyl-34:2 and LPC-acyl-18:2 were associated with atherosclerosis | Paapstel et al. [33] |
| Atheroscleroosis in mouse | Heart (74) | LC-ESI-TOF-MS/MS | dysregulation of sulfur amino acid metabolism increased toxic TG with a low degree of unsaturation in heart | Lee et al. [34] |
| Calcific CAD | Serum (70) | LC-MS | PC and SM metabolism were dysregulated in calcific CAD | Vorkas et al. [36] |
| CVD risk in young populations | Serum (990) | LC-ESI-MS | PC-16:0/2:0 was negatively, PC-14:1/0:0 was positively associated with CVD risk factors | Syme et al. [39] |