Table 2.
Sample characteristics (n = 217)
| HIV- (n = 95) | HIV+ (n = 122) | t or Chi2 | df | p valuea | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||||
| Age, M (SD) | 51.1 (7.7) | 50.5 (8.5) | .5 | 215 | .611 | 35–65 |
| Gender (% men) | 70.5% | 83.6% | 5.3 | 1 | .022 | - |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | 7.7 | 3 | .052 | - | ||
| Black or African American | 13.7% | 16.4% | - | - | - | - |
| Hispanic or Latino | 19.0% | 23.0% | - | - | - | - |
| White | 66.3% | 53.3% | - | - | - | - |
| Other | 1.1% | 7.4% | - | - | - | - |
| Education (years), M (SD) | 15.0 (2.3) | 14.0 (2.4) | 3.1 | 215 | .002 | 7–20 |
| Psychiatric | ||||||
| Lifetime MDD (%) | 20.4% | 53.4% | 24.7 | 1 | <.0001 | - |
| Substance Use | ||||||
| Current Any Substance Use Disorder | 1.08% | 3.36% | 1.3 | 1 | .256 | - |
| Lifetime Any Substance Disorder (except Alcohol and Cannabis) (%) | 19.4% | 50.8% | 35.7 | 1 | <.0001 | - |
| Lifetime Alcohol Use Disorder (%) | 30.1% | 51.7% | 10.1 | 1 | .002 | - |
| Lifetime Cannabis Use Disorder (%) | 17.2% | 28.3% | 3.7 | 1 | .055 | - |
| HIV Disease Characteristics | ||||||
| AIDS (%) | - | 60.7% | - | - | - | - |
| Duration of infection (years), M (SD) | - | 17.1 (8.7) | - | - | - | .3–31.6 |
| Nadir CD4, Median (IQR) | - | 180 (47, 329) | - | - | - | 0–1013 |
| Current CD4, Median (IQR) | - | 633 (425, 851) | - | - | - | 69–1640 |
| On cART (%) | - | 95.8% | - | - | - | - |
| Detectable viral load in plasma (%) | - | 6.6% | - | - | - | - |
| TES Composite Components | ||||||
| Traumatic Events | .1 (.4) | .6 (.6) | 4.4 | 161.3 | <.0001 | 0–4 |
| Food Insecurity | 6.5% | 30.8% | 21.5 | 1 | <.0001 | - |
| SES (Hollingshead index) | 49.3 (9.0) | 38.3 (11.9) | 7.7 | 212.6 | <.0001 | 13–66 |
| Perceived stress (PSS-10) | 10.4 (6.4) | 15.2 (8.3) | 4.8 | 215.0 | <.0001 | 0–39 |
| Cognitive and Functional Outcomes | ||||||
| Global cognitive impairment (%) | 27.4% | 39.3% | 3.4 | 1 | .063 | - |
| Global Mean T-score, M (SD) | 49.8 (6.0) | 46.9 (6.9) | 3.3 | 215 | .001 | 29–66 |
| Executive Function Mean T-score, M (SD) | 52.8 (9.4) | 48.0 (9.6) | 3.7 | 215 | .0003 | 26–74 |
| Learning Mean T-score, M (SD) | 44.7 (9.3) | 41.1 (8.9) | 2.9 | 215 | .004 | 18–72 |
| Memory Recall Mean T-score, M (SD) | 44.2 (9.2) | 41.6 (9.2) | 2.0 | 215 | .045 | 18–70 |
| Working Memory Mean T-score, M (SD) | 49.4 (10.7) | 48.2 (9.1) | .9 | 215 | .386 | 25–76 |
| Verbal Fluency Mean T-score, M (SD) | 50.6 (6.7) | 49.4 (8.4) | 1.1 | 215 | .267 | 26–76 |
| Processing Speed Mean T-score, M (SD) | 52.1 (8.4) | 49.0 (8.5) | 2.7 | 215 | .007 | 29–72 |
| Motor Mean T-score, M (SD) | 53.5 (10.5) | 50.0 (10.4) | 2.4 | 215 | .015 | 25–75 |
| ADL declines, M (SD) | .5 (1.2) | 2.1 (3.0) | 5.3 | 162.6 | <.0001 | 0–14 |
a
Based on independent sample t-tests and Chi-Square tests
Note. MDD = Major Depressive Disorder; cART = combination antiretroviral therapy; SES=Socioeconomic Status
Note. Current MDD not included in tables or analyses because prevalence was low (Current MDD: 0% for HIV-)