Table 1. Study design, sample sizes and phenotypes for GWAS cohorts.
| Sample | Study design | Antisocial measure | Sample size N(♂/♀) | Mean age (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discovery samples | ||||
| ALSPAC | Prospective pregnancy cohort (family design) | Development and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA), conduct disorder scale | 4336 (2065/2271) | 13.1 (.1) |
| COGA | Alcohol dependence case-control sample (family design) | Count of the number of Antisocial Personality Disorder criteria (ASPD) | 1379 (739/640) | 43.8 (11.7) |
| GENR | Population-based (family design) | Rule-breaking behaviour, Teacher Report Form (TRF) | 1420 (718/702) | 6.7 (4.2) |
| TEDS | Population-based (family design) | Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) | 2734 (1257/1477) | 12.5 (.2) |
| QIMR | Population-based (twin-family design) | Retrospective Conduct Disorder (SSAGA-Oz) | 6531 (2993/3538) | 33.8 (2.4) |
| Target samples | ||||
| Finnish Crime Study | Case-control (prisoners sample) | The Structured Clinical Interview For DSM-IV-Disorders (SCID) | 6220 (2536/3684) | 56.1 (12.8) |
| MSUTR | Population-based (family design) | Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL): Conduct Problems (Reported by mother) | 825 (394/431) | 8.2 (1.5) |
| Yale-Penn | Substance-dependent sample | DSM-IV Conduct Disorder criteria | 2336(950/1386) | 41.0 (8.2) |
ALSPAC= Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, COGA= Collaborative Studies on Genetics of Alcoholism, GENR= Generation Rotterdam, TEDS= The Twins Early Development Study, QIMR = Queensland Institute of Medical Research, MSUTR = Michigan State University Twin Registry.