Table 1.
Characteristics of EXHALE study population, by best ICD-9 definition of COPD or airflow limitation on spirometry
| Total | ICD-9 COPD+ | ICD-9 COPD- | p-value | AFL+ | AFL- | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 350 | 53 | 297 | 70 | 280 | |||
| Age | 0.02 | <0.01 | |||||
| <50 | 92 | 7 (8) | 85 (92) | 5 (5) | 87 (95) | ||
| ≥50 | 258 | 46 (18) | 212 (82) | 65 (25) | 193 (75) | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | <0.01 | <0.01 | |||||
| Black | 239 | 28 (13) | 211 (88) | 36 (15) | 203 (85) | ||
| White | 58 | 18 (31) | 40 (69) | 20 (34) | 38 (66) | ||
| Hispanic | 53 | 7 (13) | 46 (87) | 14 (26) | 39 (74) | ||
| Sex | 0.99 | 0.57 | |||||
| Male | 330 | 50 (15) | 280 (85) | 67 (20) | 263 (80) | ||
| Female | 20 | 3 (15) | 17 (85) | 3 (15) | 17 (85) | ||
| Smoking Status | 0.08 | 0.03 | |||||
| Never | 56 | 4 (7) | 52 (93) | 4 (7) | 52 (93) | ||
| Former | 80 | 10 (13) | 70 (88) | 20 (25) | 60 (75) | ||
| Current | 211 | 39 (18) | 172 (82) | 45 (21) | 166 (79) | ||
| HIV-infected | 0.85 | 0.96 | |||||
| Yes | 189 | 28 (15) | 161 (85) | 38 (20) | 151 (80) | ||
| No | 161 | 25 (16) | 136 (84) | 32 (20) | 129 (80) | ||
| COPD by ICD-9 code | <0.01 | ||||||
| Yes | 53 | 26 (49) | 27 (51) | ||||
| No | 297 | 44 (15) | 253 (85) | ||||
| Asthma by ICD-9 code | <0.01 | <0.01 | |||||
| Yes | 65 | 27 (42) | 38 (58) | 21 (32) | 44 (68) | ||
| No | 285 | 26 (9) | 259 (91) | 49 (17) | 236 (83) | ||
| Prior PFT for clinical indications | <0.01 | <0.01 | |||||
| Yes | 58 | 22 (38) | 36 (62) | 23 (40) | 35 (60) | ||
| No | 292 | 31 (11) | 261 (89) | 47 (16) | 245 (84) | ||
| Research PFT results | |||||||
| FEV1, % pred, mean (SD) | 91.0 (18.3) | 76.0 (20.6) | 93.6 (16.6) | <0.01 | 76.4 (17.8) | 94.7 (16.5) | <0.01 |
| FVC, % pred, mean (SD) | 94.4 (16.1) | 90.7 (15.4) | 95.0 (16.1) | 0.08 | 96.7 (15.9) | 93.8 (16.1) | 0.17 |
| FEV1/FVC<0.7 pre-BD, % | <0.01 | ||||||
| Yes | 96 | 33 (34) | 63 (66) | ||||
| No | 254 | 20 (8) | 234 (92) | ||||
| FEV1/FVC<0.7 post-BD, % | <0.01 | ||||||
| Yes | 69 | 25 (36) | 44 (64) | ||||
| No | 273 | 25 (9) | 248 (91) | ||||
| DLCO, % pred, mean (SD) | 55.9 (16.4) | 51.1 (7.7) | 56.7 (16.0) | 0.02 | 49.1 (15.7) | 57.6 (16.1) | <0.01 |
| Chronic cough/phlegm | <0.01 | 0.06 | |||||
| Yes | 163 | 36 (22) | 127 (78) | 39 (24) | 124 (76) | ||
| No | 184 | 17 (9) | 167 91) | 29 (16) | 155 (84) | ||
| Wheeze (Ever) | <0.01 | <0.01 | |||||
| Yes | 154 | 38 (25) | 116 (75) | 43 (28) | 111 (72) | ||
| No | 190 | 15 (8) | 175 (92) | 26 (14) | 164 (86) | ||
| Wheeze (Last year) | <0.01 | 0.15 | |||||
| Yes | 131 | 29 (22) | 102 (78) | 31 (24) | 100 (76) | ||
| No | 214 | 24 (11) | 190 (89) | 37 (17) | 177 (83) | ||
| Dyspnea | <0.01 | <0.01 | |||||
| Yes | 133 | 33 (25) | 100 (75) | 37 (28) | 96 (72) | ||
| No | 173 | 15 (9) | 158 (91) | 24 (14) | 149 (86) | ||
| Short-acting inhaler | |||||||
| Yes | 39 | 24 (62) | 15 (38) | <0.01 | 22 (56) | 17 (44) | <0.01 |
| No | 276 | 19 (7) | 257 (93) | 43 (16) | 233 (84) | ||
| Long-acting inhaler | |||||||
| Yes | 14 | 11 (79) | 3 (21) | <0.01 | 8 (57) | 6 (43) | <0.01 |
| No | 301 | 32 (11) | 269 (89) | 57 (19) | 244 (81) |
Results given as n (%) unless otherwise indicated, excluding those with missing data for that variable. Best ICD-9 definition of COPD requires ≥1 COPD inpatient ICD-9 and/or ≥2 COPD outpatient ICD-9 codes ever prior to research PFT, using 491.x, 492.x, 493.2, and 496.
Missing data: Smoking status missing in 3; post-bronchodilator spirometry in 8; chronic cough/phlegm in 3; wheeze (ever) in 6; wheeze (last year) 5; dyspnea in 44; and inhaler data in 35 participants.
Abbreviations:
AFL+ = airflow limitation consistent with COPD (FEV1/FVC<0.7)
AFL- = airflow limitation not consistent with COPD (FEV1/FVC≥0.7)
BD = bronchodilator
DLCO = lung diffusing capacity
EXHALE = Examinations of HIV Associated Lung Emphysema
FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in one second
FVC = forced vital capacity
Pred = predicted