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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ear Hear. 2019 Mar-Apr;40(2):295–311. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000615

Table 4.

Classification of consonant acoustic-phonetic features. Voicing coding: 0 = voiceless, 1 = voiced. Manner coding: 1 = plosive, 2 = fricative, 3 = affricate, 4 = nasal. Place coding: 1 = labial, 2 = dental, 3 = alveolar, 4 = palatal, 5 = back.

b d f g k l m n p s ʃ t θ v z
Voicing 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Manner 1 1 2 1 3 1 5 4 4 1 2 2 1 2 2 2
Place 1 3 1 5 4 5 3 1 3 1 3 4 3 2 1 3