Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 28.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Cancer Res. 2017 Aug 29;15(12):1792–1802. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-17-0067

Fig. 1. cAMP signaling promotes melanoma tumor development and primary melanoma cell growth.

Fig. 1.

(A) Schematic of the experimental design for chemical activation of adenylate cyclases (ACs) in BrafCa/Pten−/− mouse melanoma model. 4-HT: 4-hydroxitamoxifen (5mM); forskolin 10mM (FSK): AC activator; DMSO: vehicle control. (B) Tumor volume 6 weeks (40 – 44 days) after the 4-HT application followed by 14 days of topical application of either AC activator FSK or DMSO. Data show volume calculated using the formula for a prolate ellipsoid, (length × width2)/2. DMSO: n = 7 (4 females, 3 males; 25 tumors); FSK: n = 7 (4 females, 3 males; 26 tumors). (C) Histology and immunohistochemical analysis of mouse melanoma tumors. S100A4 was used as a melanoma marker and Ki67 as a marker of proliferative cells. Scale bar: 400μm (D) MTT assay showing the growth of melanoma cells isolated from the vehicle-treated mouse tumor. FSK in the medium was replenished every 48 h throughout the experiment. Values (mean± SD) from 5-6 replicates are shown. (E) Effect of treatment with FSK on human primary melanoma cell lines was assessed by MTT assay as described for (D). DMSO: Control; FSK: AC activator forskolin. Data (mean ± SD) from 5-6 replicates analyzed by unpaired Student’s t test are shown. P values: * indicates P ≤0.05; ** ≤0.01; *** ≤0.001 and **** ≤0.0001.