Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants by Resting Heart Rate Categories, the ARIC Study Visit 2 (1990 -1992)
| Baseline Characteristics | Overall | Resting heart rate (bpm) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <60 | 60–69 | 70–79 | ≥80 | ||
| Number of Participants | 13,720 | 3,797 | 5,490 | 3,189 | 1,244 |
| Resting heart rate (beats per minute), mean (SD) | 66 (10) | 54(4) | 64 (3) | 74 (3) | 86 (6) |
| Cognitive Test Scores, mean (SD) | |||||
| Global Z-Score | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.1 (1.0) | 0.0 (1.0) | −0.2 (1.0) |
| Delayed Word Recall Z-Score | 0.0(1.0) | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.1 (1.0) | 0.0 (1.0) | −0.2 (1.1) |
| Delayed Word Recall Raw Score (words) | 6.6(1.5) | 6.6 (1.5) | 6.7 (1.5) | 6.6 (1.5) | 6.4 (1.6) |
| Digit Symbol Substitution Z-Score | 0.0(1.0) | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.1 (1.0) | 0.0 (1.0) | −0.3 (1.0) |
| Digit Symbol Substitution Raw Score (points) | 44.9 (14.2) | 45.2 (14.1) | 45.6 (13.8) | 44.9 (14.4) | 40.6 (14.5) |
| Word Fluency Z-Score | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.0 (1.0) | −0.1 (1.0) |
| Word Fluency Raw Score (words) | 33.3 (12.5) | 33.5 (12.5) | 33.5 (12.4) | 33.3 (12.6) | 31.9 (12.5) |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 57.5 (5.7) | 57.6 (5.7) | 57.4 (5.7) | 57.2 (5.7) | 57.8 (5.8) |
| Women | 7,665 (55.9%) | 1,720 (45.3%) | 3,154 (57.5%) | 1,997 (62.6%) | 794 (63.8%) |
| Race/Center | |||||
| Minneapolis, MN Whites | 3,696 (26.9%) | 1,177 (31.0%) | 1,496 (27.3%) | 793 (24.9%) | 230 (18.5%) |
| Washington County, MD Whites | 3,528 (25.7%) | 931 (24.5%) | 1,439 (26.2%) | 840 (26.3%) | 318 (25.6%) |
| Forsyth County, NC Whites | 3,184 (23.2%) | 874 (23.0%) | 1,306 (23.8%) | 750 (23.5%) | 254 (20.4%) |
| Forsyth County, NC Blacks | 360 (2.6%) | 105 (2.8%) | 137 (2.5%) | 78 (2.5%) | 40 (3.2%) |
| Jackson, MS Blacks | 2,952 (21.5%) | 710 (18.7%) | 1,112 (20.3%) | 728 (22.8%) | 402 (32.3%) |
| Education† | |||||
| <High School | 2,926 (21.3%) | 793 (20.9%) | 1,080 (19.7%) | 712 (22.3%) | 341 (27.4%) |
| High School, GED, or Vocational School | 5,716 (41.7%) | 1,525 (40.2%) | 2,332 (42.5%) | 1,348 (42.3%) | 511 (41.1%) |
| College, Graduate, or Professional School | 5,078 (37.0%) | 1,479 (39.0%) | 2,078 (37.9%) | 1,129 (35.4%) | 392 (31.5%) |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | |||||
| <25 | 4,267 (31.1%) | 1,318 (34.7%) | 1,703 (31.0%) | 916 (28.7%) | 330 (26.5%) |
| 25-29 | 5,475 (39.9%) | 1,561 (41.1%) | 2,256 (41.1%) | 1,250 (39.2%) | 408 (32.8%) |
| ≥ 30 | 3,978 (29.0%) | 918 (24.2%) | 1,531 (27.9%) | 1,023 (32.1%) | 506 (40.7%) |
| Physical activity index†, mean (SD) Smoking Status | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.6 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.4 (0.8) | 2.3 (0.7) |
| Never | 5,474 (39.9%) | 1,383 (36.4%) | 2,279 (41.5%) | 1302 (40.8%) | 510 (41.0%) |
| Former | 5,193 (37.9%) | 1,600 (42.1%) | 2,037 (37.1%) | 1,141 (35.8%) | 415 (33.4%) |
| Current | 3,053 (22.3%) | 814 (21.4%) | 1,174 (21.4%) | 746 (23.4%) | 319 (25.6%) |
| Alcohol Consumption | |||||
| Never | 3,081 (22.5%) | 742 (19.5%) | 1,223 (22.3%) | 772 (24.2%) | 344 (27.7%) |
| Former | 2,848 (20.8%) | 789 (20.8%) | 1,081 (19.7%) | 682 (21.4%) | 296 (23.8%) |
| Current | 7,791 (56.8%) | 2,266 (59.7%) | 3,186 (58.0%) | 1,735 (54.4%) | 604 (48.6%) |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 121 (19) | 120 (19) | 121 (18) | 123 (18) | 127 (20) |
| Pulse Pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 49 (14) | 49 (14) | 49 (14) | 49 (14) | 52 (16) |
| Use of Hypertension Medications | 4,381 (31.9%) | 1,208 (31.8%) | 1,653 (30.1%) | 1,013 (31.8%) | 507 (40.8%) |
| Use of atrioventricular-nodal Medications | 2,044 (14.9%) | 739 (19.5%) | 725 (13.2%) | 415 (13.0%) | 165 (13.3%) |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 210 (39) | 206 (37) | 210 (38) | 212 (40) | 216 (47) |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 50 (17) | 49 (17) | 50 (17) | 49 (16) | 49 (18) |
| Use of Cholesterol Medications | 864 (6.3%) | 246 (6.5%) | 334 (6.1%) | 188 (5.9%) | 96 (7.8%) |
| Diabetes | 1,994 (14.6%) | 351 (9.3%) | 670 (12.3%) | 577 (18.2%) | 396 (32.0%) |
| Prevalent Coronary Heart Disease | 722 (5.3%) | 234 (6.2%) | 270 (4.9%) | 136 (4.3%) | 82 (6.6%) |
| Apolipoprotein ∈4 Genotype | |||||
| TT | 9,186 (69.2%) | 2,528 (68.6%) | 3,694 (69.5%) | 2,132 (69.1%) | 832 (69.7%) |
| CT | 3,741 (28.2%) | 1,048 (28.5%) | 1,490 (28.0%) | 876 (28.4%) | 327 (27.4%) |
| CC | 356 (2.7%) | 107 (2.9%) | 135 (2.5%) | 79 (2.6%) | 35 2.9%) |
†
Measured at ARIC Visit 1 (1987-1989).