Figure 3.

Neuroimaging results including (A) higher activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, pars triangularis) in the sacred compared to the nonsacred condition in the whole sample (results in red-yellow) and higher between-condition difference in left IFG activity in the included compared to the excluded group (small volume correction with left IFG cluster obtained in the whole sample analysis), (B) similar left IFG activity estimates in the sacred value versus baseline contrast in both groups, but higher left IFG activity estimates in the nonsacred value versus baseline condition in the exclusion versus inclusion group, explaining between-group left IFG activity differences shown in (A), (C) a negative correlation between left IFG activity differences between sacred versus nonsacred values and percentage of nonsacred values that became sacred in the postmanipulation sacredness reassessment ( r = −0.496, p = 0.007, and N = 28), even after controlling for social exclusion ( r = −0.485 and p = 0.010), (D) significantly lower right temporoparietal activity in response to willingness to fight and die for nonsacred versus sacred values in excluded compared to included participants after small volume correction by means of a right TPJ mask extracted from Neurosynth (T = 4.34, p = 0.044 FWEc, single voxel p < 0.001, and mask shown in yellow), and (E) higher activity in the right insula (T = 5.30, p < 0.001 FWEc, and single voxel p < 0.001), left insula (T = 4.72, p = 0.005 FWEc, and single voxel p < 0.001), and right postcentral gyrus (T = 4.96, p = 0.004 FWEc, and single voxel p < 0.001) during the sacred versus nonsacred value condition predicted by the “Endorsement of Militant Jihad” score in the whole sample.