Figure 1.

A dimension of incentive sensitivity crossed by a dimension of control over emotions versus reflexive reacting to emotions. Vulnerability to internalizing symptoms such as sadness and lethargy emerges from the combination of low incentive sensitivity (and thus blunted approach) and low control over emotions. Vulnerability to externalizing symptoms emerges from the combination of high incentive sensitivity (and thus strong desires) and low control over emotions. (A dimension of threat sensitivity is also clearly relevant, but is omitted for clarity.) From Carver, Johnson, & Timpano, 2017.