Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants stratified by Urine ACR category
| Urine ACR Category | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N=3511) |
<10 mg/g (n=1017; 29%) |
10-<30 mg/g (n=912; 26%) |
30-<300 mg/g (n=1134; 32%) |
>=300 mg/g (n=448; 13%) |
Trend p | |
| Age (y) | 51.8 ± 9.4 | 51.2 ± 9.0 | 52.6 ± 9.5 | 52.0 ± 9.5 | 50.9 ± 9.6 | 0.8 |
| Women | 1309 (37%) | 389 (38%) | 341 (37%) | 398 (35%) | 181 (40%) | 0.8 |
| Race | <0.001 | |||||
| White | 2679 (76%) | 811 (80%) | 721 (79%) | 830 (73%) | 317 (71%) | |
| Black | 609 (17%) | 140 (14%) | 134 (15%) | 231 (20%) | 104 (23%) | |
| Other | 223 (6%) | 66 (6%) | 57 (6%) | 73 (6%) | 27 (6%) | |
| Treatment group | 0.4 | |||||
| High dose vitamin | 1755 (50%) | 505 (50%) | 450 (49%) | 564 (50%) | 236 (53%) | |
| Low dose vitamin | 1756 (50%) | 512 (50%) | 462 (51%) | 570 (50%) | 212 (47%) | |
| Location | 0.02 | |||||
| United States | 2508 (71%) | 758 (75%) | 657 (72%) | 773 (68%) | 320 (71%) | |
| Canada | 394 (11%) | 94 (9%) | 103 (11%) | 140 (12%) | 57 (13%) | |
| Brazil | 609 (17%) | 165 (16%) | 152 (17%) | 221 (19%) | 71 (16%) | |
| Graft vintage (y) | 4.1 (1.7–7.4) | 3.6 (1.6–6.9) | 3.3 (1.3–6.8) | 4.4 (1.9–8.0) | 5.3 (2.4–9.2) | <0.001 |
| Living donor kidney | 1497 (43%) | 473 (47%) | 395 (43%) | 458 (40%) | 171 (38%) | <0.001 |
| Medications | ||||||
| Cyclosporine | 1774 (51%) | 542 (53%) | 467 (51%) | 569 (50%) | 196 (44%) | 0.002 |
| Tacrolimus | 1334 (38%) | 410 (40%) | 361 (40%) | 403 (36%) | 160 (36%) | 0.02 |
| Any CNI | 3101 (88%) | 948 (93%) | 826 (91%) | 971 (86%) | 356 (79%) | <0.001 |
| Sirolimus | 293 (8%) | 35 (3%) | 72 (8%) | 124 (11%) | 62 (14%) | <0.001 |
| ACEi/ARB | 1557 (44%) | 428 (42%) | 382 (42%) | 505 (45%) | 242 (54%) | <0.001 |
| Statin | 1833 (52%) | 510 (50%) | 496 (54%) | 597 (53%) | 230 (51%) | 0.6 |
| Aspirin | 1460 (42%) | 441 (43%) | 409 (45%) | 446 (39%) | 164 (37%) | 0.003 |
| Medical History | ||||||
| CVD | 703 (20%) | 164 (16%) | 189 (21%) | 247 (22%) | 103 (23%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 1403 (40%) | 374 (37%) | 360 (39%) | 481 (42%) | 188 (42%) | 0.01 |
| Hypertension | 3228 (92%) | 892 (88%) | 833 (91%) | 1071 (94%) | 432 (96%) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 0.03 | |||||
| Never | 1703 (49%) | 494 (49%) | 444 (49%) | 534 (47%) | 231 (52%) | |
| Former | 1422 (41%) | 422 (41%) | 380 (42%) | 465 (41%) | 155 (35%) | |
| Current | 386 (11%) | 101 (10%) | 88 (10%) | 135 (12%) | 62 (14%) | |
| Examination Findings | ||||||
| SBP (mm Hg) | 136.2 ± 19.8 | 130.4 ± 17.0 | 134.4 ± 18.5 | 139.4 ± 20.9 | 144.9 ± 21.2 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 78.8 ± 12.4 | 76.6 ± 11.3 | 77.5 ± 11.8 | 80.4 ± 12.9 | 82.6 ± 13.3 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.2 ± 6.2 | 29.3 ± 6.3 | 29.0 ± 6.1 | 29.1 ± 6.1 | 29.4 ± 6.2 | 0.6 |
| Laboratory Results | ||||||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL |
185.0 ± 44.2 | 181.4 ± 38.7 | 181.4 ± 40.9 | 185.7 ± 45.5 | 199.1 ± 54.7 | <.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL |
46.2 ± 13.9 | 46.4 ± 13.2 | 46.2 ± 14.2 | 46.0 ± 14.1 | 46.6 ± 14.8 | 0.4 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL |
101.3 ± 34.6 | 99.9 ± 31.8 | 98.3 ± 32.0 | 101.9 ± 35.8 | 109.1 ± 41.1 | 0.001 |
| Triglycerides | 164 (113–238) | 157 (106–224) | 163 (112–235) | 167 (114–239) | 184 (124–266) | <0.001 |
| Scr, mg/dL | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 |
48.9 ± 17.5 | 52.7 ± 17.0 | 50.1 ± 16.9 | 47.0 ± 17.7 | 42.7 ± 17.3 | <0.001 |
| ACR (mg/g) | 24.1 (8.5–97.8) | 5.4 (3.6–7.6) | 16.8 (12.8–22.4) | 75.2 (44.4– 136.2) |
682.3 (408.8– 1347.3) |
|
Values for categorical variables are given as count (percentage); for continuous variables as mean ± standard deviation or median (25th –75th percentile). ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio; ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; Scr, serum creatinine.