Table 2. Univariable competing risk regression for recurrence and lung cancer–specific death after propensity-score matching.
| Recurrence | Lung cancer—specific death | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHR | 95% CI | P | SHR | 95% CI | P | ||
| Sublobar resection (vs. lobectomy) | 2.19 | (1.42 – 3.37) | <0.001 | 2.10 | (1.16 – 3.80) | 0.014 | |
| Age at surgery (per 1 year increase) | 1.01 | (0.99 – 1.03) | 0.4 | 1.02 | (0.99 – 1.05) | 0.2 | |
| Male sex (vs. female) | 1.38 | (0.92 – 2.08) | 0.12 | 1.60 | (0.92 – 2.77) | 0.094 | |
| Smoking (vs. never) | Former | 1.29 | (0.71 – 2.34) | 0.4 | 9.42 | (1.29 – 68.85) | 0.027 |
| Current | 1.25 | (0.57 – 2.77) | 0.6 | 11.34 | (1.42 – 90.56) | 0.022 | |
| COPD history (vs. no COPD) | 1.75 | (1.12 – 2.71) | 0.013 | 2.25 | (1.27 – 3.98) | 0.005 | |
| CVD history (vs. no CVD) | 0.86 | (0.52 – 1.41) | 0.5 | 1.02 | (0.53 – 1.94) | 1 | |
| DM history (vs. no DM) | 0.78 | (0.40 – 1.51) | 0.5 | 0.80 | (0.32 – 2.01) | 0.6 | |
| Prior LC (vs. no prior LC) | 2.96 | (1.67 – 5.23) | <0.001 | 1.67 | (0.66 – 4.23) | 0.3 | |
| Prior malignancy (vs. no prior malignancy) | 0.80 | (0.52 – 1.24) | 0.3 | 0.69 | (0.38 – 1.25) | 0.2 | |
| BMI (per 1 index) | 0.99 | (0.95 – 1.02) | 0.5 | 0.96 | (0.92 – 1.00) | 0.076 | |
| FEV1 (per 1%) | 0.99 | (0.98 – 1.00) | 0.009 | 0.99 | (0.97 – 1.00) | 0.039 | |
| DLCO (per 1%) | 0.99 | (0.98 – 1.00) | 0.014 | 0.99 | (0.97 – 1.00) | 0.021 | |
| Serum creatinine (per 1 mg/dL increase) | 1.93 | (1.15 – 3.24) | 0.013 | 2.84 | (1.37 – 5.89) | 0.005 | |
| SUVmax (per 1 SUV increase) | 1.07 | (1.03 – 1.12) | 0.001 | 1.07 | (1.01 – 1.14) | 0.025 | |
| Pathologic tumor size (per 1 cm increase) | 1.44 | (1.00 – 2.06) | 0.048 | 1.24 | (0.73 – 2.12) | 0.4 | |
| Invasive tumor size (per 1 cm increase) | 2.27 | (1.71 – 3.01) | <0.001 | 1.95 | (1.33 – 2.87) | <0.001 | |
| p-Stage (vs. IA1) | IA2 | 2.83 | (1.43 – 5.57) | 0.003 | 1.98 | (0.80 – 4.88) | 0.14 |
| IA3 | 2.37 | (0.96 – 5.85) | 0.062 | 1.90 | (0.53 – 6.78) | 0.3 | |
| IB | 6.15 | (2.98 – 12.67) | <0.001 | 6.12 | (2.47 – 15.43) | <0.001 | |
| LVI (vs. no LVI) | 4.10 | (2.70 – 6.24) | <0.001 | 4.68 | (2.59 – 8.46) | <0.001 | |
| VPI (vs. no VPI) | 2.84 | (1.82 – 4.45) | <0.001 | 3.73 | (2.11 – 6.58) | <0.001 | |
| Necrosis (vs. no necrosis) | 3.35 | (2.02 – 5.57) | <0.001 | 3.94 | (2.05 – 7.55) | <0.001 | |
| Histologic grade (vs. low) | Intermediate | 8.76 | (2.77 – 27.71) | <0.001 | 11.71 | (1.61 – 85.13) | 0.015 |
| High | 9.12 | (2.76 – 30.18) | <0.001 | 16.37 | (2.19 – 122.59) | 0.007 | |
| Presence of LEP pattern (vs. no LEP pattern) | 0.59 | (0.39 – 0.89) | 0.012 | 0.59 | (0.34 – 1.02) | 0.060 | |
| Presence of MIP pattern (vs. no MIP pattern) | 3.14 | (2.01 – 4.89) | <0.001 | 2.11 | (1.19 – 3.74) | 0.010 | |
| Presence of SOL pattern (vs. no SOL pattern) | 3.05 | (2.02 – 4.62) | <0.001 | 4.47 | (2.45 – 8.15) | <0.001 | |
| STAS (vs. no STAS) | 3.80 | (2.45 – 5.90) | <0.001 | 3.31 | (1.85 – 5.95) | <0.001 | |
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DLCO, diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; DM, diabetes mellitus; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; LC, lung cancer; LEP, lepidic; LVI, lymphovascular invasion; MIP, micropapillary; p-Stage, pathologic stage; SHR, subhazard ratio; SOL, solid; STAS, spread through air spaces; SUVmax, maximum standardized uptake value; VPI, visceral pleural invasion.