Table 2.
Longitudinal changes of neuropsychological data and estimated hippocampal atrophy rate
| a-MCI (n=31) | NC (n=42) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (STD) | Range | Mean (STD) | Range | |
| MMSE (/year) | −0.53 (1.8) | −2.8 to 6.0 | −0.10 (1.3) | −4.9 to 1.9 |
| Trails A (seconds/year) a | 0.23 (13.0) | −14.5 to 54.1 | −0.03 (8.1) | −22.2 to 36.9 |
| Trails B (seconds/year) a | 7.66 (58.0) | −141.6 to 205.0 | 3.15 (22.5) | −48.3 to 70.1 |
| Digits Forwards Max (/year) b | −0.01 (0.8) | −2.3 to 1.3 | −0.01 (0.8) | −2.0 to 1.6 |
| Digits Backwards Max (/year) b | −1.1 (1.0) | −2.6 to 2.3 | 0.08 (0.9) | −2.6 to 1.8 |
| 10-item Word List Immediate Recall (/year) c | −0.72 (4.7) | −11.3 to 9.6 | 0.03 (2.8) | −9.2 to 6.1 |
| 10-item Word List Delayed Recall (/year) c | 0.61 (2.4) | −4.5 to 4.2 | −0.28 (2.0) | −9.2 to 5.6 |
| Category Fluency (animals) (/year) c | −0.93 (4.0) | −8.4 to 10.2 | 0.57 (2.9) | −5.2 to 7.3 |
| 30-item Boston Naming Test Total (/year) c | −0.16 (2.3) | −5.5 to 6.3 | 0.16 (1.2) | −2.5 to 3.8 |
| Estimated Rate of Hippocampal Atrophy (%/year) d | −1.68** (1.1) | −3.8 to 0.1 | −0.80 (1.0) | −4.2 to 1.5 |
Note: Negative change indicates the measurement change towards worse condition in the follow-up time point. Standard deviations (STD) are in parentheses.
= p < 0.05,
= p < 0.01, compared to the normal controls, tested by independent two-sample t-tests. Only longitudinal hippocampal atrophy rate, and none of the neuropsychological test result, was significantly different between the two groups. a-MCI = amnestic mild cognitive impairment. NC = normal control. MMSE = mini mental status examination.
2 a-MCI patients did not have longitudinal Trails A and Trails B data available. 1 additional NC subjects did not have longitudinal Trails B data available.
3 a-MCI patients and 1 NC subject did not have longitudinal Digits Forwards and Digits Backwards data available.
1 a-MCI did not have 10-item Word List Immediate/Delayed Recall, Category Fluency (animals) and 30-item Boston Naming Test data available.
2 a-MCI patients and 1 NC subject were excluded described in Section 2.4.2.