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. 2018 Dec 21;12:106. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00106

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Copyright © 2018 Hökfelt, Barde, Xu, Kuteeva, Rüegg, Le Maitre, Risling, Kehr, Ihnatko, Theodorsson, Palkovits, Deakin, Bagdy, Juhasz, Prud’homme, Mechawar, Diaz-Heijtz and Ögren.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A,B) Alterations in galanin (A) and GalR3 (B) gene expression and DNA methylation in the locus coeruleus (LC) of male and female depressed subjects who committed suicide, as compared to matched controls. (a,e) Expression levels of the two genes in the LC of male (a) and female (e) controls and depressed suicide (DS) subjects. (b–d,f–h) Percentage of DNA methylation levels at individual CpG sites of the two genes in male (b–d) and female (f–h) controls and DS subjects. All data are presented as mean ± SEM; males: n = 10 controls, 10 DS subjects; females: n = 12 controls, 10 DS subjects. Significant differences between DS subjects and controls are indicated: ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01. CON, controls. From Barde et al. (2016).