Fig. 1.

Panel A: utilization of PAC for hospitalizations with CS. The inset demonstrates PAC use per 1000 hospitalizations with CS + ACS. Trend value for all is P < 0.001 by Jonckheere–Terpstra trend test. Panel B: adjusted in-hospital mortality in the overall CS hospitalizations and CS + ACS hospitalizations. Bar represents a 95% confidence interval, and dot represents the odds ratio. The dotted line represents the odds ratio of 1 below which is a beneficial effect of PAC. ACS, acute coronary syndrome; CS, cardiogenic shock; PAC, pulmonary artery catheter.