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The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The hypothalamus secretes GnRH, which acts on the pituitary gland. In response, the pituitary gland releases the gonadotropins LH and FSH. LH and FSH stimulate the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone. Depending on the menstrual cycle phase, estrogen and progesterone provide either positive or negative feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary.
