Table 3:
Baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients according to quintiles* of risk for the STS
| Quintile 1 (N=412) | Quintile 2 (N=412) | Quintile 3 (N=412) | Quintile 4 (N=412) | Quintile 5 (N=412) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30-day postoperative mortality | 2 (0.5%) | 9 (2.2%) | 17 (4.1%) | 20 (4.9%) | 34 (8.3%) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 54 (49, 58) | 60 (56, 64) | 66 (60, 70) | 70 (65, 74) | 75 (70, 78) | <0.001 |
| Female sex | 16 (3.9%) | 37 (9.0%) | 41 (10.0%) | 70 (17.0%) | 105 (25.5%) | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 173 (168, 177) | 172 (167, 177) | 171 (165, 176) | 170 (164, 175) | 167 (160, 173) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 86 (78, 95) | 83 (74, 95) | 79 (70, 90) | 78 (69, 88) | 74 (65, 85) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.0 (26.3, 31.8) | 28.4 (25.4, 31.7) | 26.8 (24.2, 30.6) | 27.1 (24.3, 30.3) | 26.4 (23.8, 29.8) | <0.001 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 2.00 (1.89, 2.11) | 1.96 (1.85, 2.10) | 1.92 (1.79, 2.05) | 1.89 (1.76, 2.03) | 1.83 (1.69, 1.97) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.95 (0.82, 1.08) | 1.00 (0.88, 1.13) | 1.04 (0.90, 1.23) | 1.15 (0.95, 1.40) | 1.30 (1.01, 1.58) | <0.001 |
| Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance (mL/min/1.73m2) | 108 (92, 126) | 91 (75, 110) | 76 (65, 92) | 63 (53, 77) | 50 (38, 63) | <0.001 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 30 (26, 35) | 30 (24, 35) | 29 (25, 35) | 30 (25, 35) | 30 (25, 33) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 134 (32.5%) | 169 (41.0%) | 178 (43.2%) | 203 (49.3%) | 195 (47.3%) | <0.001 |
| Non-insulin dependent | 106 (25.7%) | 108 (26.2%) | 107 (26.0%) | 117 (28.4%) | 93 (22.6%) | 0.545 |
| Insulin dependent | 28 (6.8%) | 61 (14.8%) | 71 (17.2%) | 86 (20.9%) | 102 (24.8%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 249 (60.4%) | 278 (67.5%) | 286 (69.4%) | 304 (73.8%) | 326 (79.1%) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 25 (6.1%) | 30 (7.3%) | 43 (10.4%) | 55 (13.3%) | 78 (18.9%) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 274 (66.5%) | 261 (63.3%) | 257 (62.4%) | 245 (59.5%) | 281 (68.2%) | 0.948 |
| Extracardiac arteriopathy (PVD or stroke) | 26 (6.3%) | 53 (12.9%) | 105 (25.5%) | 132 (32.0%) | 190 (46.1%) | <0.001 |
| PVD | 17 (4.1%) | 46 (11.2%) | 93 (22.6%) | 126 (30.6%) | 187 (45.4%) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease/stroke† | 14 (3.4%) | 23 (5.6%) | 37 (9.0%) | 46 (11.2%) | 101 (24.5%) | <0.001 |
| IABP | 4 (1.0%) | 30 (7.3%) | 36 (8.7%) | 46 (11.2%) | 72 (17.5%) | <0.001 |
| Number of diseased vessels (50%) | <0.001 | |||||
| 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | |
| 1 | 35 (8.5%) | 13 (3.2%) | 9 (2.2%) | 9 (2.2%) | 9 (2.2%) | |
| 2 | 133 (32.3%) | 104 (25.2%) | 102 (24.8%) | 73 (17.7%) | 71 (17.2%) | |
| 3 | 244 (59.2%) | 294 (71.4%) | 300 (72.8%) | 330 (80.1%) | 331 (80.3%) | |
| Proximal LAD stenosis ≥75% | 285 (69.2%) | 275 (66.7%) | 286 (69.4%) | 264 (64.1%) | 273 (66.3%) | 0.246 |
| Prior cardiac surgery | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | 3 (0.7%) | 14 (3.4%) | 48 (11.7%) | <0.001 |
| Current NYHA class | <0.001 | |||||
| I | 124 (30.1%) | 92 (22.3%) | 96 (23.3%) | 69 (16.7%) | 68 (16.5%) | |
| II | 181 (43.9%) | 182 (44.2%) | 172 (41.7%) | 156 (37.9%) | 143 (34.7%) | |
| III | 103 (25.0%) | 127 (30.8%) | 128 (31.1%) | 165 (40.0%) | 167 (40.5%) | |
| IV | 4 (1.0%) | 11 (2.7%) | 16 (3.9%) | 22 (5.3%) | 34 (8.3%) | |
| Unstable angina | 12 (2.9%) | 18 (4.4%) | 39 (9.5%) | 34 (8.3%) | 44 (10.7%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease‡ | 8 (1.9%) | 25 (6.1%) | 37 (9.0%) | 48 (11.7%) | 99 (24.0%) | <0.001 |
| Mitral regurgitation severity | 0.086 | |||||
| None or trace | 258 (62.6%) | 225 (54.6%) | 244 (59.2%) | 237 (57.5%) | 238 (57.8%) | |
| Mild (≤2+) | 146 (35.4%) | 171 (41.5%) | 137 (33.3%) | 143 (34.7%) | 139 (33.7%) | |
| Moderate (3+) | 7 (1.7%) | 16 (3.9%) | 27 (6.6%) | 30 (7.3%) | 34 (8.3%) | |
| Severe (4+) | 1 (0.2%) | 0 | 4 (1.0%) | 2 (0.5%) | 1 (0.2%) | |
| Moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation | 3 (0.7%) | 6 (1.5%) | 9 (2.2%) | 11 (2.7%) | 14 (3.4%) | 0.003 |
| Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure (PASP) | 32 (29, 41) | 34 (30, 43) | 33 (30, 43) | 33 (30, 44) | 35 (30, 45) | <0.001 |
| Any degree of aortic regurgitation | 54 (13.1%) | 60 (14.6%) | 73 (17.7%) | 90 (21.8%) | 96 (23.3%) | <0.001 |
| Poor mobility | 36 (8.7%) | 33 (8.0%) | 52 (12.6%) | 33 (8.0%) | 44 (10.7%) | 0.398 |
| Urgent operation | 26 (6.3%) | 64 (15.5%) | 80 (19.4%) | 101 (24.5%) | 138 (33.5%) | <0.001 |
| STS score | 0.5 (0.4, 0.5) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) | 2.0 (1.7, 2.3) | 4.0 (3.2, 6.0) | <0.001 |
| EuroSCORE-2 | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) | 1.9 (1.5, 2.4) | 2.7 (2.1, 3.4) | 3.7 (2.7, 4.9) | 6.8 (4.9, 9.9) | <0.001 |
*
Quintiles are based on the scores in the combined dataset of contemporary and STICH cohorts. Quintile cut-points are 0.609, 0.972, 1.55, and 2.685.
†
Stroke was only documented for patients in the STICH cohort.
‡
Chronic pulmonary disease was only documented for patients in the contemporary cohort.
IABP: intra-aortic balloon pump. LAD: left anterior descending artery. PVD: peripheral vascular disease.