Table 4:
Baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients according to quintiles* of risk for the EuroSCORE-2
| Quintile 1 (N=412) | Quintile 2 (N=412) | Quintile 3 (N=412) | Quintile 4 (N=412) | Quintile 5 (N=412) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30-day postoperative mortality | 4 (1.0%) | 10 (2.4%) | 12 (2.9%) | 18 (4.4%) | 38 (9.2%) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 58 (52, 63) | 60 (54, 68) | 65 (57, 70) | 70 (62, 74) | 72 (67, 77) | <0.001 |
| Female sex | 15 (3.6%) | 31 (7.5%) | 50 (12.1%) | 70 (17.0%) | 103 (25.0%) | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 172 (167, 177) | 172 (167, 177) | 171 (165, 176) | 170 (165, 176) | 168 (162, 174) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 86 (76, 95) | 84 (73, 96) | 80 (71, 92) | 78 (69, 86) | 75 (65, 85) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.0 (25.9, 32.0) | 28.4 (25.3, 31.9) | 27.5 (24.6, 31.0) | 26.8 (24.2, 29.8) | 26.4 (23.8, 29.9) | <0.001 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.99 (1.87, 2.11) | 1.97 (1.83, 2.10) | 1.92 (1.79, 2.06) | 1.89 (1.77, 2.00) | 1.85 (1.71, 1.98) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.97 (0.83, 1.10) | 0.98 (0.84, 1.14) | 1.06 (0.90, 1.25) | 1.10 (0.92, 1.34) | 1.30 (1.02, 1.60) | <0.001 |
| Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance (mL/min/1.73m2) | 100 (88, 117) | 92 (75, 111) | 75 (61, 96) | 67 (54, 81) | 51 (39, 69) | <0.001 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 34 (30, 35) | 30 (25, 35) | 28 (25, 33) | 29 (24, 33) | 28 (22, 30) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 130 (31.6%) | 166 (40.3%) | 167 (40.5%) | 193 (46.8%) | 223 (54.1%) | <0.001 |
| Non-insulin dependent | 110 (26.7%) | 109 (26.5%) | 103 (25.0%) | 117 (28.4%) | 92 (22.3%) | 0.319 |
| Insulin dependent | 20 (4.9%) | 57 (13.8%) | 64 (15.5%) | 76 (18.4%) | 131 (31.8%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 256 (62.1%) | 273 (66.3%) | 286 (69.4%) | 303 (73.5%) | 325 (78.9%) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 37 (9.0%) | 34 (8.3%) | 38 (9.2%) | 53 (12.9%) | 69 (16.7%) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 248 (60.2%) | 265 (64.3%) | 253 (61.4%) | 268 (65.0%) | 284 (68.9%) | 0.015 |
| Extracardiac arteriopathy (PVD or stroke) | 6 (1.5%) | 53 (12.9%) | 85 (20.6%) | 132 (32.0%) | 230 (55.8%) | <0.001 |
| PVD | 6 (1.5%) | 51 (12.4%) | 78 (18.9%) | 118 (28.6%) | 216 (52.4%) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease/stroke† | 1 (0.2%) | 23 (5.6%) | 33 (8.0%) | 51 (12.4%) | 113 (27.4%) | <0.001 |
| IABP | 16 (3.9%) | 31 (7.5%) | 33 (8.0%) | 45 (10.9%) | 63 (15.3%) | <0.001 |
| Number of diseased vessels (50%) | <0.001 | |||||
| 0 | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | |
| 1 | 22 (5.3%) | 13 (3.2%) | 12 (2.9%) | 13 (3.2%) | 15 (3.6%) | |
| 2 | 104 (25.2%) | 126 (30.6%) | 96 (23.3%) | 77 (18.7%) | 80 (19.4%) | |
| 3 | 286 (69.4%) | 272 (66.0%) | 303 (73.5%) | 322 (78.2%) | 316 (76.7%) | |
| Proximal LAD stenosis ≥75% | 274 (66.5%) | 276 (67.0%) | 284 (68.9%) | 278 (67.5%) | 271 (65.8%) | 0.894 |
| Prior cardiac surgery | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.2%) | 3 (0.7%) | 6 (1.5%) | 56 (13.6%) | <0.001 |
| Current NYHA class | <0.001 | |||||
| I | 134 (32.5%) | 111 (26.9%) | 89 (21.6%) | 64 (15.5%) | 51 (12.4%) | |
| II | 216 (52.4%) | 183 (44.4%) | 174 (42.2%) | 149 (36.2%) | 112 (27.2%) | |
| III | 62 (15.0%) | 113 (27.4%) | 140 (34.0%) | 174 (42.2%) | 201 (48.8%) | |
| IV | 0 (0%) | 5 (1.2%) | 9 (2.2%) | 25 (6.1%) | 48 (11.7%) | |
| Unstable angina | 4 (1.0%) | 25 (6.1%) | 30 (7.3%) | 38 (9.2%) | 50 (12.1%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease‡ | 12 (2.9%) | 26 (6.3%) | 34 (8.3%) | 72 (17.5%) | 73 (17.7%) | <0.001 |
| Mitral regurgitation severity | <0.001 | |||||
| None or trace | 277 (67.2%) | 253 (61.4%) | 223 (54.1%) | 227 (55.1%) | 222 (53.9%) | |
| Mild (≤2+) | 128 (31.1%) | 141 (34.2%) | 152 (36.9%) | 153 (37.1%) | 162 (39.3%) | |
| Moderate (3+) | 7 (1.7%) | 15 (3.6%) | 34 (8.3%) | 31 (7.5%) | 27 (6.6%) | |
| Severe (4+) | 0 (0%) | 3 (0.7%) | 3 (0.7%) | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.2%) | |
| Moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation | 2 (0.5%) | 6 (1.5%) | 8 (1.9%) | 10 (2.4%) | 17 (4.1%) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure (PASP) | 30.0 (26.6, 37.0) | 32.0 (29.0, 42.0) | 35.0 (30.0, 44.5) | 35.0 (30.0, 44.0) | 36.2 (30.0, 48.0) | <0.001 |
| Any degree of aortic regurgitation | 43 (10.4%) | 58 (14.1%) | 82 (19.9%) | 94 (22.8%) | 96 (23.3%) | <0.001 |
| Poor mobility | 9 (2.2%) | 34 (8.3%) | 44 (10.7%) | 47 (11.4%) | 64 (15.5%) | <0.001 |
| Urgent operation | 23 (5.6%) | 52 (12.6%) | 72 (17.5%) | 112 (27.2%) | 150 (36.4%) | <0.001 |
| STS score | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.2) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 1.9 (1.4, 2.6) | 3.7 (2.6, 5.9) | <0.001 |
| EuroSCORE-2 | 1.2 (0.9, 1.4) | 1.8 (1.7, 2.0) | 2.6 (2.4, 2.9) | 3.9 (3.5, 4.5) | 7.5 (6.2, 10.2) | <0.001 |
*
Quintiles are based on the scores in the combined dataset of contemporary and STICH cohorts. Quintile cut-points are 1.506, 2.2305, 3.11, and 5.066.
†
Stroke was only documented for patients in the STICH cohort.
‡
Chronic pulmonary disease was only documented for patients in the contemporary cohort.
IABP: intra-aortic balloon pump. LAD: left anterior descending artery. PVD: peripheral vascular disease.