Table 1. Patient Characteristics by Group and by Receipt of Inpatient Cardiac Rehabilitationa.
| Surgical |
PCI |
Medical |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No ICR | ICR | P Valueb | No ICR | ICR | P Valueb | No ICR | ICR | P Valueb | |
| Number of patients, n (%) | 119 100 (56.7) | 90 832 (43.3) | 271 607 (73.3) | 98 717 (26.7) | 674 102 (88.3) | 89 179 (11.7) | |||
| Age, yc | 67 (58 – 75) |
66 (58 – 74) |
<.001 | 65 (56 – 74) |
64 (55 – 74) |
<.001 | 76 (63 – 84) |
73 (61 – 83) |
<.001 |
| Female sex | 32.0 | 30.9 | <.001 | 34.5 | 34.5 | .89 | 50.2 | 48.0 | <.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| White | 70.0 | 76.0 | <.001 | 68.8 | 73.5 | <.001 | 62.6 | 63.7 | <.001 |
| Black | 7.0 | 5.9 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 16.8 | 19.6 | |||
| Hispanic | 3.6 | 3.1 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 4.6 | |||
| Other | 19.5 | 15.0 | 18.9 | 15.7 | 15.8 | 12.1 | |||
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Married | 56.9 | 58.1 | <.001 | 53.9 | 54.7 | <.001 | 36.9 | 39.5 | <.001 |
| Single | 33.0 | 31.5 | 34.8 | 34.8 | 51.2 | 52.0 | |||
| Other | 10.1 | 10.3 | 11.3 | 10.5 | 11.8 | 8.5 | |||
| Insurance payor | |||||||||
| Medicare | 55.4 | 54.7 | <.001 | 51.1 | 49.5 | <.001 | 75.1 | 72.5 | <.001 |
| Medicaid | 5.6 | 4.8 | 6.1 | 4.7 | 6.7 | 6.1 | |||
| Managed care/Commercial Indemnity | 32.5 | 33.2 | 34.2 | 35.6 | 12.8 | 15.0 | |||
| Self-pay/Other | 6.5 | 7.3 | 8.7 | 10.2 | 5.4 | 6.4 | |||
| Gagne comorbidity scorec | 1 (0, 3) | 2 (0, 3) | <.001 | 0 (−1, 2) | 0 (−1, 2) | <.001 | 4 (3, 6) | 4 (2, 6) | <.001 |
| Selected comorbiditiesd | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 73.1 | 75.3 | <.001 | 70.4 | 68.0 | <.001 | 69.2 | 69.8 | .001 |
| Tobacco abuse disorder | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||
| Former smoker | 20.9 | 20.7 | 14.9 | 13.5 | 14.9 | 15.2 | |||
| Current smoker | 18.0 | 20.9 | 23.5 | 26.0 | 12.3 | 15.4 | |||
| Nonsmoker | 61.1 | 58.4 | 61.5 | 60.4 | 72.8 | 69.4 | |||
| Diabetes | 38.1 | 38.5 | .09 | 33.9 | 31.6 | <.001 | 44.0 | 43.1 | <.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 34.2 | 32.5 | <.001 | 9.6 | 9.9 | .03 | 34.6 | 32.7 | <.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 26.0 | 22.6 | <.001 | 14.8 | 14.4 | .003 | 51.9 | 54.9 | <.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 22.7 | 25.7 | <.001 | 15.7 | 15.8 | .33 | 34.8 | 33.1 | <.001 |
| Deficiency anemias | 20.7 | 22.0 | <.001 | 9.1 | 9.9 | <.001 | 30.0 | 27.6 | <.001 |
| Valvular disease | 20.5 | 19.9 | .01 | 9.2 | 9.7 | <.001 | 27.3 | 28.1 | <.001 |
| Obesity | 18.0 | 19.5 | <.001 | 13.1 | 14.0 | <.001 | 14.4 | 15.9 | <.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 15.9 | 16.0 | .66 | 10.9 | 9.9 | <.001 | 13.5 | 13.9 | .001 |
| Acute kidney injury | 14.2 | 13.0 | <.001 | 5.2 | 5.4 | .08 | 18.0 | 19.0 | <.001 |
| Renal failure | 13.8 | 13.5 | .08 | 10.5 | 10.1 | <.001 | 37.9 | 36.7 | <.001 |
| Hypothyroidism | 10.0 | 10.2 | .35 | 8.2 | 8.5 | .003 | 16.2 | 14.7 | <.001 |
| Pulmonary circulation disease | 8.1 | 8.0 | .54 | 3.0 | 3.2 | <.001 | 15.6 | 16.3 | <.001 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 8.0 | 9.3 | <.001 | 4.9 | 5.9 | <.001 | 9.7 | 10.9 | <.001 |
| Depression | 6.7 | 7.7 | <.001 | 5.6 | 6.3 | <.001 | 9.6 | 9.3 | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ICR, inpatient cardiac rehabilitation; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.
a
Data reported as percentage or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise noted.
b
P values calculated using Chi-square test.
c
P values calculated using Kruskal-Wallis test.
d
Comorbidities with ≥5% prevalence.