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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Radiat Oncol. 2019 Jan;29(1):72–80. doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2018.10.005

Figure 4. MnP affect signaling differently in normal vs. cancer cells undergoing cancer therapy.

Figure 4.

In normal tissues, there is an overall reduction in oxidative stress when treated with MnPs and the NF-κB and TGF-β signaling pathways are reduced, while Nrf2 pathways are enhanced. In cancer cells, MnP treatment in combination with cancer therapy results in more oxidative stress, which results in reduction of NF-κB and HIF-1α and their downstream signaling pathways. These changes in signaling have been shown to enhance apoptosis of cancer cells and reduce overall cancer growth.