(A) Endogenous levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, TRAIL, MxA, and 18S mRNA were quantified in MDM from 25 donors. & indicates statistical significance relative to 18S. $ indicates statistical significance relative to IFN-α. (B, E-G). Uninfected MDM from 25 donors were treated with CCL2 or vehicle and (B) IFN-α, (E) IFN-β, (F) TRAIL, and (G) MxA quantified. (C) MDM from 46 donors were treated with CCL2 for 0.5, 2, 6, 10, 18, and 24 hours and qRT-PCR performed. (D) Uninfected MDM from five donors were treated with 1–500 ng/mL CCL2 or vehicle and qRT-PCR performed. (H) Uninfected MDM from nine donors were treated with CCL2, CCL7, CCL8, CCL5, or vehicle and qRT-PCR performed.