Measure	Description	Scale or Items	Source
Sleep Duration	Hours of sleep per school night	Derived hours based on closest hour and minutes for typical bedtime on a school night and typical wake up time on a school morning; Sleep Timing Questionnaire	BYS
Neighborhood-level Concentrated Poverty	Combined neighborhood poverty level index score	Percent of persons living below the federal poverty line, Percent of residents 516 years or older unemployed, and 3) percent of households on public assistance; Principle component analysis used to create index score	ACS
Neighborhood Violent Crime Rate	Neighborhood count of crimes	Count data for 2008 of robberies, aggravated assaults, and homicides	Boston Police Dept.
Neighborhood Disorder	Neighborhood physical and social disorder	6-items reporting about aspects of physical or social disorder; response options included not a problem, kind of a problem, a big problem; neighborhood-specific mean scores derived	BNS
Collective Efficacy: Social Cohesion and Control	Neighborhood cohesion and informal social control	10-item scale of collective efficacy (Sampson et al., 1997); neighborhood-specific mean scores derived	BNS
Hours of Homework	Daily average hours of homework	Average number of hours spent on homework per day (≤1 hour, >1–3 hours, >3 hours)	BYS
Positive Peer Influence	Presence of positive peer influences	Reported agreement for the following items: my friends stay out of trouble, my friends follow parent rules, and my friends do well in school; derived percentiles based on responses	BYS
Positive Parent/Guardian Influence	Presence of positive parent/guardian influences	Reported agreement for the following items: an adult in my household tries to understand my point of view, tells me that he/she loves me and/or wants good things for me, and is available for me to talk with about my problems; derived percentiles based on responses	BYS
Frequency of Family Dinner	Weekly average family dinner	Frequency of dinner with family per week (none, 1–2 times, 3–4 times, 5+ times)	BYS

BYS = Boston Youth Survey; ACS = American Community Survey Census; BNS = Boston Neighborhood Survey