Table 4.
Odds ratios (95% Cl) for the association between in utero tobacco smoke exposure and MetS components in male and female adolescents
| Cardiometabolic outcomes | Model l† |
Model 2‡ |
Model 3§ |
Model 4‖ |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Females OR (95% Cl) | Males OR (95% Cl) | Females OR (95% Cl) | Males OR (95% Cl) | Females OR (95% Cl) | Males OR (95% Cl) | Females OR (95% Cl) | Males OR (95% Cl) | |
| MetS | 0.96 (0.31, 2.97) | 2.09 (0.94, 4.61) | 1.12 (0.37, 3.48) | 2.18 (0.93, 5.12) | 1.27 (0.41, 3.89) | 2.15 (0.90, 5.12) | 1.00 (0.23, 4.36) | 1.26 (0.36, 4.43) |
| Waist circumference >90th percentile | 1.50* (1.06, 2.13) | 1.82* (1.29, 2.58) | 1.31 (0.68, 2.55) | 1.39 (0.73, 2.64) | 1.39 (0.69, 2.79) | 1.29 (0.66, 2.53) | 1.65 (0.71, 3.84) | 1.09 (0.35, 3.45) |
| Weight Categories | ||||||||
| Overweight (BMI > 85th percentile) | 1.44 (0.84, 2.47) | 1.41 (0.83, 2.40) | 1.56 (0.89, 2.76) | 1.21 (0.73, 2.01) | 1.70 (0.94, 3.08) | 1.19 (0.70, 2.02) | 2.53* (1.09, 5.87) | 0.91 (0.38, 2.16) |
| Obese (BMI > 95th percentile) | 1.53 (0.85, 2.78) | 1.51 (0.84, 2.72) | 1.61 (0.88, 2.98) | 1.27 (0.68, 2.34) | 1.75 (0.93, 3.28) | 1.23 (0.65, 2.32) | 2.38* (1.07, 5.28) | 1.00 (0.36, 2.84) |
| HDL <40 mg/dL | 0.87 (0.55, 1.40) | 1.09 (0.73, 1.63) | 0.69 (0.34, 1.42) | 1.18 (0.66, 2.11) | 0.74 (0.36, 1.52) | 1.15 (0.64, 2.06) | 0.78 (0.22, 2.76) | 0.41 (0.13, 1.28) |
| Triglycerides >110 mg/dL | 1.13 (0.64, 2.00) | 1.13 (0.71, 1.80) | 1.02 (0.55, 1.89) | 1.07 (0.64, 1.79) | 1.04 (0.56, 1.94) | 1.02 (0.60, 1.71) | 0.83 (0.38, 1.85) | 0.74 (0.34, 1.64) |
| Systolic or diastolic BP>90th percentile | 0.64 (0.33, 1.23) | 1.34 (0.79, 2.28) | 1.32 (0.48, 3.67) | 0.92 (0.34, 2.47) | 1.47 (0.52, 4.19) | 1.00 (0.37, 2.69) | 0.90 (0.15, 5.22) | 1.09 (0.33, 3.68) |
| Fasting glucose >100 mg/dL | 1.48 (0.79, 2.77) | 0.65 (0.34, 1.23) | 1.63 (0.78, 3.38) | 0.65 (0.30, 1.42) | 1.57 (0.72, 3.43) | 0.66 (0.30, 1.44) | 1.80 (0.74, 4.36) | 0.57 (0.22, 1.50) |
HDL = high-density lipoprotein; PIR = Poverty Income Ratio.
*
P ≤ .05 for OR comparing adolescents exposed to in utero smoke exposure to unexposed adolescents of the same sex. The bold simply emphasized that these variables had significant differences.
†
Adjusted for adolescent age, maternal age, race/ethnicity, and PIR.
‡
Adjusted for adolescent age, maternal age, race/ethnicity, PIR, and current household smoking.
§
Adjusted for adolescent age, maternal age, race/ethnicity, PIR, current household smoking, and birth weight.
‖
Adjusted for adolescent age, maternal age, race/ethnicity, PIR, cotinine, and birth weight.