Table 2.

Sketch for a four-step study process. Here, the elements of active learning from Table 1 are identified and assigned to the study process of Fig. 1

Knowledge dimension	Cognitive process	Active elements (from Table 1)	Example activities and notes
Factual	Remember	Te, Al, Ph, Co, Fo, Re, Ad	Expositions, books, videos. Can be done alone. The principal active element is technology enhancement.
Conceptual	Understand	In, Te, Al, Ph, Co, Se, Fo, Re, Ad	Uproot alternative conceptions and ensure correct understanding. Work through questions. The principal active element is interaction with peers.
Procedural	Apply, analyze	Pr, Te, Al, Ph, Co, Re, Ad	Problem-solving. Concepts in real life. Calculations. The principal active element is problem-solving skills.
Metacognitive	Analyze, evaluate	In, Al, Ph, Co, Se, Fo, Ad	Reflect, face mistakes, look back. The teacher has a prominent role. The principal active elements are interaction, feedback, and formative assessment.