Table 3.

Factors that influence students’ anxiety about group work

	Relationship with working partners		Understanding of science concepts		Understanding how science knowledge compares to others
	Student is comfortable with work partner	Student is uncomfortable with work partner	Student confirms what concepts they do/do not understand	Student clarifies understanding	Student realizes other students struggle with concepts	Student realizes they know less than other students
Effect on student anxiety	↓	↑	↓	↓	↓	↑

↑ indicates a factor that increases student anxiety; ↓ indicates a factor that decreases student anxiety