Table 1.
List of metabolomics application in the study of xenobiotic metabolism, toxicology mechanisms, and the pathogenesis and of diseases
| Xenobiotic/diseases | Model | Key finding | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isoniazid | Humans | 7 Novel metabolites | (Li et al. 2011) |
| Ethanol | Wild-type and Cyp2e1-null mice | A novel metabolite N-acetyltaurine | (Shi et al. 2012) |
| α-Tocopherol | Wild-type mice | 3 Novel metabolites | (Johnson et al. 2012b) |
| Cocaine | Wild-type mice and rats | Species-dependent metabolism of cocaine | (Yao et al. 2013) |
| Tempol | Wild-type mice | 8 Novel metabolites | (Li et al. 2013c) |
| Saquinavir |
In vitro system, wild-type and Cyp3a- null mice |
20 Novel metabolites and one reactive metabolite α-hydroxyaldehyde |
(Li et al. 2014a) |
| 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorod- ibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) |
Wild-type, Ahr−/−, and Arnt Liv mice | The role of CES3, TGFβ in TCDD-induced steato- hepatitis |
(Matsubara et al. 2012) |
| Rifaximin | Wild-type, Pxr-null, and hPXR mice | Long-term exposure of rifaximin-induced hepatic steatosis in hPXR mice |
(Cheng et al. 2012) |
| Acetaminophen | Wild-type, Ppara-null, Ucp2-null Mice |
The protection of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by PPARα-induced expression of UCP2 |
(Patterson et al. 2012) |
| CCl4 | Rats | Oxidative stresses to multiple rat organs | (Jiang et al. 2012) |
| Acetaminophen | Wild-type, and Txnrd1 ΔLiv mice | Important role of Txnrd1 in APAP-induced hepato- toxicity |
(Patterson et al. 2013) |
| Bupleurotoxin | Wild-type mice | Key role of GABA receptor signaling pathway in cerebral lesion |
(Zhang et al. 2013b) |
| Isoniazid | Wild-type and Cyp2e1-null mice | The involvement of bile acids accumulation and mito- chondria β-oxidation in isoniazid toxicity |
(Cheng et al. 2014) |
| Lithocholic acid | Wild-type, Tg-3A4, Vdr
IEpC and Vdr IEpC/3A4 mice |
Protection role of intestinal CYP3A4 in LCA-induced hepatotoxicity |
(Cheng et al. 2013) |
| 3-Chloropropane-1,2-di- palmitate |
Rats | The alteration of indoxyl sulfate, xanthurenic acid, phenylacetylglycine, non-anedioic acid, and taurine |
(Li et al. 2013e) |
| Aflatoxin B1 | Rats | Gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism disorder in aflatoxin B1-induced acute hepatotoxicity |
(Lu et al. 2013) |
| Bisphenol a | Rats | DNA methylation damage, disrupted choline pathway | (Chen et al. 2014) |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Monkey, mice | The important role of SLC6A20 kidney transporter in type 2 diabetes mellitus |
(Patterson et al. 2011a) |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Human | Aberrant lipid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma | (Patterson et al. 2011b) |
| Autosomal dominant poly- cystic kidney disease |
Wild-type and Pkd1cko mice | The important role of Pkd1 in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease |
(Menezes et al. 2012) |
| Cholestatic liver disease | Wild-type and Abcb11-null mice | Impaired mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation in Abcb11-null mice precedes cholestasis |
(Zhang et al. 2012) |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | SCCVII-tumor-bearing mice | Liver dysfunction induced by tumor growth imposed inflammatory response |
(Li et al. 2013d) |
| Breast cancer | Human | Altered FA β-oxidation in patients with breast cancer | (Shen et al. 2013) |
| Pseudoxanthoma elasticum |
Wild-type and ABCC6-null mice | The important role of circulated pyrophosphate via ABCC6-dependent mechanism |
(Jansen et al. 2013) |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Human | The key role of 2-aminoadipic acid in type 2 diabetes mellitus |
(Wang et al. 2013) |
| Prostate cancer | Human | Biochemical alterations associated with cell growth, energetics, stress |
(McDunn et al. 2013) |
| Pancreatic tumor | Pdx-Cre KrasLSL-G12D/+ mice, p53
fl/fl, Atg7 fl/fl, Atg5 fl/fl |
p53 status determines the role of autophagy in pancre- atic tumor development |
(Rosenfeldt et al. 2013) |
| Alzheimer’s disease | Human | Disturbance of phospholipids metabolism | (Gonzalez-Dominguez et al. 2014) |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) |
Human | The alteration of amino acid metabolism, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, phos- pholipids, and purine metabolism |
(Evans et al. 2013) |
| Gastric ulcer | Rats | The disruption of sphingophospholipid and fatty acid metabolism pathway |
(Tianjiao et al. 2014) |
| Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) |
Mice | Early dysregulation of host hepatic GSH metabolism and oxidative stress |
(Suh et al. 2014) |
| Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment |
Human | The disruption of histidine metabolism and citrate cycle |
(Li et al. 2014b) |
| Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) |
Human | The important role of mitochondrial damage and dysfunction in CVD |
(Rizza et al. 2014) |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) |
Human | Abnormalities of lipid- and androgen-metabolism in PCOS patients |
(Zhao et al. 2014) |
| Pulmonary embolism | Pigs | Involvement of many metabolic pathways (e.g., glyco- lysis, TCA cycle) |
(Bujak et al. 2014) |