Table 3.
Adjusted means of bone properties categorized by type of dairy product consumed
| Dairy group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measurement site | MG (n = 203) | FDG (n = 274) | ADG (n = 1373) | NDG (n = 79) |
| pQCT | ||||
| Tibia | ||||
| Trabecular CSA (mm2) | 535 ± 4 | 545 ± 4 | 536 ± 2 | 535 ± 9 |
| Trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3) | 219 ± 3 | 220 ± 2 | 218 ± 1 | 213 ± 5 |
| Cortical CSA (mm2) | 293 ± 3 | 295 ± 3 | 297 ± 1 | 293 ± 5 |
| Cortical vBMD (mg/cm3) | 1088 ± 3 | 1090 ± 3 | 1089 ± 1 | 1077 ± 4 |
| Cortical thickness (mm) | 3.7 ± 0 | 3.7 ± 0 | 3.7 ± 0 | 3.7 ± 0 |
| Radius | ||||
| Trabecular CSA (mm2) | 197 ± 2 | 201 ± 2 | 198 ± 1 | 201 ± 4 |
| Trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3) | 180 ± 3 | 182 ± 3 | 181 ± 1 | 180 ± 4 |
| Cortical CSA (mm2) | 81 ± 1 | 82 ± 1 | 82 ± 0 | 81 ± 2 |
| Cortical vBMD (mg/cm3) | 1103 ± 3 | 1108 ± 3 | 1105 ± 1 | 1096 ± 6 |
| Cortical thickness (mm) | 2.1 ± 0 | 2.1 ± 0 | 2.1 ± 0 | 2.1 ± 0 |
| iDXA | ||||
| Femoral neck aBMD (mg/cm2) | 882 ± 9 | 873 ± 8 | 871 ± 4 | 852 ± 14 |
| L1–L4 vertabrae aBMD (mg/cm2) | 1162 ± 14 | 1165 ± 13 | 1142 ± 5 | 1140 ± 22 |
| Radius aBMD (mg/cm2) | 838 ± 7 | 841 ± 7 | 845 ± 3 | 840 ± 12 |
Values are presented as adjusted means ± standard errors (adjusted for sex, average portion size, dietary protein content, cross-sectional muscle area measured by pQCT, smoking, and physical activity)
MG milk group (milk only, no fermented dairy products), FDG fermented dairy group (fermented dairy products only, no milk), ADG all dairy group (milk and fermented dairy products), NDG no dairy group (no milk or fermented dairy products), vBMD volumetric bone mineral density, CSA cross-sectional area, aBMD areal bone mineral density