Fig. 2.

Estimated restricted cubic spline functions for the difference in daily fishing hours per 1,000 ${\mathrm{k}\mathrm{m}}^2$ between PIPA and Kiribati control regions, before and after PIPA implementation (see equation 1 of ref. 1). M0 shows point estimates from benchmark sample of boats. M1 uses the subsample of boats that were broadcasting AIS before September 1, 2013.