Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to outcome at follow-up for the separate centers
| Variable | ADC |
Barcelona |
DCN |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Stable SCD, n = 291 | Progressive SCD, n = 63 | n | Stable SCD, n = 46 | Progressive SCD, n = 5 | n | Stable SCD, n = 186 | Progressive SCD, n = 83 | |
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Female, n (%)∗ | 354 | 138 (47) | 26 (41) | 51 | 34 (74) | 4 (80) | 269 | 71 (38) | 34 (41) |
| Age in years | 354 | 61.2 ± 9.6 | 69.0 ± 7.1 | 51 | 64.9 ± 6.4 | 70.2 ± 8.3 | 269 | 64.5 ± 7.8 | 68.0 ± 8.4 |
| Education in years | 354 | 13.3 ± 4.3 | 14.0 ± 4.4 | 51 | 10.8 ± 4.2 | 11.6 ± 4.3 | 269 | 12.5 ± 2.8 | 13.3 ± 3.3 |
| Follow-up in years | 354 | 3.4 ± 2.2 | 3.8 ± 3.2 | 51 | 3.7 ± 1.8 | 2.8 ± 1.8 | 269 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.7 |
| MCI/AD/non-AD, n | 42/15/6 | 2/2/1 | 53/21/9 | ||||||
| APOE status | |||||||||
| APOE ε4 carrier, n (%)∗ | 317 | 92 (35) | 27 (54) | 49 | 10 (22) | 2 (50) | 226 | 56 (35) | 32 (47) |
| Neuropsychology | |||||||||
| MMSE | 351 | 28.4 ± 1.7 | 28.0 ± 1.5 | 51 | 28.3 ± 1.5 | 26.8 ± 1.9 | 265 | 28.2 ± 1.6 | 27.6 ± 1.8 |
| Memory, immediate recall | 304 | 41 ± 9 | 37 ± 8 | 51 | 42 ± 5 | 38 ± 6 | 269 | 20 ± 3 | 18 ± 4 |
| Memory, delayed recall | 303 | 8 ± 3 | 6 ± 3 | 51 | 14 ± 6 | 13 ± 2 | 269 | 7 ± 2 | 5 ± 2 |
| TMT-A, seconds | 318 | 40 ± 19 | 44 ± 14 | 50 | 44 ± 16 | 47 ± 18 | 264 | 42 ± 15 | 51 ± 20 |
| TMT-B, seconds | 318 | 97 ± 51 | 113 ± 48 | 50 | 135 ± 87 | 163 ± 103 | 264 | 102 ± 41 | 127 ± 52 |
| Category fluency | 312 | 22 ± 6 | 21 ± 5 | 51 | 21 ± 5 | 17 ± 4 | 269 | 21 ± 5 | 20 ± 5 |
| MRI | |||||||||
| Hippocampal volume, mL | 332 | 7.96 ± 0.83 | 7.49 ± 0.81 | 49 | 8.20 ± 0.80 | 7.77 ± 1.12 | 93 | 7.92 ± 0.84 | 7.19 ± 1.12 |
| cMTA | 332 | 0.37 ± 0.46 | 0.54 ± 0.54 | 49 | 0.22 ± 0.43 | 0.40 ± 0.54 | 93 | 0.54 ± 0.53 | 1.08 ± 0.86 |
| cGCA | 332 | 0.75 ± 0.65 | 0.87 ± 0.62 | 49 | 0.10 ± 0.24 | 0.22 ± 0.36 | 93 | 0.49 ± 0.64 | 1.17 ± 0.90 |
| Grading | 332 | 0.22 ± 0.19 | 0.36 ± 0.22 | 49 | 0.09 ± 0.12 | 0.23 ± 0.22 | 93 | 0.21 ± 0.23 | 0.44 ± 0.32 |
| CSF | |||||||||
| Aβ42, pg/mL | 227 | 875 ± 235 | 638 ± 279 | 41 | 771 ± 221 | 637 ± 194 | 87 | 846 ± 300 | 670 ± 305 |
| Total tau, pg/mL | 227 | 266 ± 146 | 456 ± 370 | 41 | 333 ± 227 | 645 ± 694 | 87 | 286 ± 152 | 454 ± 281 |
| p-tau, pg/mL | 227 | 46 ± 18 | 65 ± 34 | 41 | 55 ± 28 | 83 ± 65 | 87 | 48 ± 20 | 63 ± 35 |
Abbreviations: SCD, subjective cognitive decline; ADC, Amsterdam Dementia Cohort; DCN, Dementia Competence Network; AD, dementia due to Alzheimer's disease; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; VaD, vascular dementia; DLB, Lewy body dementia; MMSE, Mini–Mental State Examination; RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task; FSCRT, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test; CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease; TMT, Trail Making Test; cGCA, computed cortical atrophy score, estimated using gray matter concentration; cMTA, computed medial temporal lobe atrophy score, (left + right)/2, derived from volumes of hippocampus and lateral ventricles; Aβ42, amyloid-β 1-42; p-tau, tau phosphorylated at threonine 181.
NOTE. Follow-up in years: time to conversion to MCI/dementia or follow-up time for nonconverters. Non-AD cases consisted of (1) ADC: 3 FTD and 3 VaD; (2) Barcelona: 1 DLB; and (3) DCN: 1 FTD, 1 VaD, 3 DLB, and 4 nonspecified dementia.
NOTE. Memory, immediate recall: data on immediate recall using RAVLT (ADC), FSCRT (Barcelona), and CERAD (DCN); memory, delayed recall: data on delayed recall using RAVLT (ADC), FSCRT (Barcelona), and CERAD (DCN); hippocampal volume: left plus right hippocampus (in mL), normalized for head size and gender; grading: computed using a region of interest around the hippocampus, describing the intensity similarity of test image and training set images.
NOTE. Raw data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%). Group differences per center according to outcomes were calculated using Student's t-test for continuous variables. Bold represents P values < .05.
For categorical variables, the chi-square test was used.