Table 2.
Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) of IADL Disability, ADL Disability, and Cognitive Impairment for Self-report Inadequate Access versus Adequate Access to Healthcare by Sex and Age Group among Older Adults in China, CLHLS 2005-2014
| Model I | Model II | Model III | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IADL Disability | |||
| Total | 2.05 (1.76-2.39)*** | 2.02 (1.73-2.37)*** | 1.79 (1.51-2.12)*** |
| Women, All ages 65+ | 2.31 (1.88-2.85)*** | 2.27 (1.83-2.83)*** | 1.96 (1.55-2.50)*** |
| Women, Ages 65-74 | 2.29 (1.69-3.11)*** | 2.22 (1.61-3.06)*** | 1.95 (1.36-2.80)*** |
| Women, Ages 75-84 | 2.46 (1.89-3.20)*** | 2.49 (1.91-3.24)*** | 2.08 (1.58-2.73)*** |
| Women, Ages 85-94 | 1.68 (1.13-2.51)** | 1.63 (1.10-2.42)* | 1.35 (0.91-2.01) |
| Women, Ages 95+ | 4.27 (1.99-9.19)*** | 3.98 (1.85-8.56)*** | 3.24 (1.50-6.97)** |
| Men, All ages 65+ | 1.79 (1.42-2.25)*** | 1.77 (1.41-2.24)*** | 1.58 (1.24-2.02)*** |
| Men, Ages 65-74 | 1.47 (1.02-2.11)* | 1.42 (0.98-2.05)+ | 1.37 (0.94-2.01)+ |
| Men, Ages 75-84 | 2.42 (1.85-3.16)*** | 2.50 (1.91-3.27)*** | 1.96 (1.47-2.63)*** |
| Men, Ages 85-94 | 2.04 (1.46-2.86)*** | 2.09 (1.49-2.94)*** | 1.74 (1.21-2.49)** |
| Men, Ages 95+ | 1.75 (0.81-3.80) | 1.50 (0.69-3.24) | 0.86 (0.35-2.14) |
| ADL Disability | |||
| Total | 2.47 (1.83-3.35)*** | 2.29 (1.73-3.04)*** | 1.71(1.30-2.26)*** |
| Women, All ages 65+ | 3.25 (2.11-5.01)*** | 2.99 (2.02-4.45)*** | 2.10 (1.49-2.95)*** |
| Women, Ages 65-74 | 5.35 (2.28-12.5)*** | 4.78 (2.25-10.1)*** | 3.23 (1.75-5.94)*** |
| Women, Ages 75-84 | 2.33 (1.68-3.23)*** | 2.19 (1.59-3.02)*** | 1.45 (1.05-2.01)* |
| Women, Ages 85-94 | 1.94 (1.50-2.51)*** | 1.86 (1.45-2.39)*** | 1.47 (1.14-1.90)** |
| Women, Ages 95+ | 1.77 (1.33-2.34)*** | 1.68 (1.28-2.21)*** | 1.35 (1.02-1.77)* |
| Men, All ages 65+ | 1.68 (1.13-2.50)* | 1.59 (1.10-2.29)* | 1.25(0.86-1.81) |
| Men, Ages 65-74 | 1.01 (0.42-2.43) | 0.99 (0.47-2.10) | 0.87 (0.40-1.91) |
| Men, Ages 75-84 | 2.56 (1.83-3.59)*** | 2.60 (1.86-3.63)*** | 1.77 (1.27-2.46)** |
| Men, Ages 85-94 | 2.37 (1.72-3.26)*** | 2.31(1.68-3.19)*** | 1.72 (1.24-2.41)** |
| Men, Ages 95+ | 1.76 (1.16-2.67)** | 1.67 (1.10-2.54)* | 1.14 (0.75-1.70) |
| Cognitive Impairment | |||
| Total | 2.49 (2.12-2.92)*** | 2.34 (1.99-2.74)*** | 1.93 (1.63-2.27)*** |
| Women, All ages 65+ | 2.64 (2.14-3.27)*** | 2.47 (2.00-3.05)*** | 2.04 (1.64-2.53)*** |
| Women, Ages 65-74 | 2.94 (1.95-4.45)*** | 2.59 (1.73-3.89)*** | 2.10 (1.38-3.19)** |
| Women, Ages 75-84 | 2.66 (2.07-3.41)*** | 2.59 (2.02-3.31)*** | 2.13 (1.65-2.76)*** |
| Women, Ages 85-94 | 1.66 (1.30-2.12)*** | 1.59 (1.24-2.04)*** | 1.35 (1.03-1.75)* |
| Women, Ages 95+ | 1.35 (0.96-1.91)+ | 1.27 (0.90-1.79) | 1.02 (0.70-1.49) |
| Men, All ages 65+ | 2.23 (1.72-2.90)*** | 2.12 (1.64-2.74)*** | 1.74 (1.35-2.25)*** |
| Men, Ages 65-74 | 1.91 (1.18-3.09)** | 1.84 (1.15-2.95)* | 1.73 (1.10-2.75)* |
| Men, Ages 75-84 | 2.73 (2.05-3.63)*** | 2.57 (1.93-3.43)*** | 1.91 (1.42-2.57)*** |
| Men, Ages 85-94 | 2.28 (1.70-3.05)*** | 2.18 (1.63-2.91)*** | 1.75 (1.29-2.37)*** |
| Men, Ages 95+ | 2.37 (1.49-3.79)*** | 2.21 (1.38-3.56)** | 1.63 (1.02-2.61)* |
Note: Estimated odds ratios (ORs) were weighted and adjusted for within-person correlation. The total analytic sample included 48,476 observations from 26,604 individuals. Model I controlled for sociodemographic factors. Model II added two measures for enrollment in national health insurance programs. Model III further included measures for health behaviors. All models controlled for survey year and proxy responses to the question of adequate access to healthcare. Due to space constraints, the ORs for covariates are not reported for the 99 estimated models (available upon request)
+p<0.1, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001