Table 4.
Unadjusted and adjusted outcomes for the pre-awareness and post-awareness groups
| Pre-awareness (n = 150) |
Post-awareness (n = 150) |
Mean difference (95% CI) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adherence to key items (%) | |||||
| Unadjusted mean ± SD | 46.1 ± 15.5 | 53.3 ± 13.3 | 7.3 (4.0 to 10.5) | < 0.001a | |
| Adjusted EMM (95% CI) | 54.3 (41.5 to 67.1) | 64.0 (51.2 to 76.9) | 9.7 (6.9 to 12.5) | < 0.001b | |
| Time to recovery (days) | |||||
| Unadjusted mean ± SD | 4.8 ± 2.4 | 4.9 ± 2.2 | 0.0 (−0.5 to 0.6) | 0.892a | |
| Adjusted EMM (95% CI) | 4.9 (2.7 to 7.0) | 4.6 (2.5 to 6.8) | -0.2 (−0.7 to 0.2) | 0.319b | |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | |||||
| Unadjusted mean ± SD | 6.4 ± 4.2 | 6.5 ± 4.1 | 0.1 (−0.9 to 1.0) | 0.874a | |
| Adjusted EMM (95% CI) | 6.6 (2.6 to 10.7) | 6.3 (2.2 to 10.3) | −0.4 (−1.3 to 0.5) | 0.419b | |
Group differences were tested using the independent samples t-test a, or multivariable linear regression models b. Linear models were adjusted for age, ASA classification, diagnosis and type of surgery, histological subtype, surgical approach, duration of surgery, and type of additional surgical procedure. Analysis of the log-transformed data on time to recovery and length of hospital stay showed similar results. CI = confidence interval, EMM = estimated marginal mean, n = number of patients, SD = standard deviation