Fig. 2.

Mammographic density associations with breast cancer risk with and without adjustment for adiposity in the UK and Norwegian studies. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, DV volume of mammographic dense tissue, NDV volume of mammographic non-dense (fat) tissue, %MD percent mammographic density. ^aDV, NDV and %MD values are the average from the cranio-caudal and mediolateral-oblique views from the unaffected breast for cases and for a randomly selected breast side for controls, log-transformed. ^bIn the UK study, OPERA odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by a logistic regression. In the Norwegian cohort study, OPERA hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by a Cox regression model in which attained age was taken as the time scale (see Methods section). ^cMinimally adjusted model: analysis adjusted for age, menopausal status and parity in the UK study; analysis adjusted for screening year, menopausal status and parity (see Methods section). ^dModel additionally adjusted for age at menopause, age at menarche, age at first birth, duration of breastfeeding, use of hormone therapy, family history of breast cancer, education, smoking, alcohol use and physical activity level