Table 2.
Results from Multilevel modeling of community setting impact on cognitive decline of seniors in CHARLS
| Mixed Effect | β(SE) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | |
| Fixed Effects | |||||||
| Within-Individual Covariate | |||||||
| Intercept | 18.493(0.132)*** | −0.402(1.536) | − 0.403(1.536) | 0.778(1.494) | 9.511(1.456)*** | 9.282(1.447)*** | 8.691(1.456)*** |
| Linear Time Slope | 1.431(0.105)*** | 1.431(0.104)*** | 1.431(0.104)*** | 1.431(0.104)*** | 1.431(0.104)*** | 1.431(0.104)*** | 1.431(0.104)*** |
| Quadratic Time Steepness | 0.318(0.103)** | 0.318(0.103)** | 0.318(0.103)** | 0.318(0.103)** | 0.318(0.103)** | 0.318(0.103)** | 0.318(0.103)** |
| Individual-level Covariates | |||||||
| Age (Year old) a | 0.229(0.021)*** | 0.239(0.021)*** | 0.232(0.021)*** | 0.148(0.019)*** | 0.160(0.019)*** | 0.163(0.019)*** | |
| Sex (Female) | 1.845(0.195)*** | 1.885(0.195)*** | 1.638(0.190)*** | 0.553(0.184)** | 0.575(0.182)** | 0.163(0019)*** | |
| Childhood Residency (City/Town) | 2.301(0.327)*** | 2.083(0.331)*** | 1.207(0.334)*** | 1.204(0.295)*** | 0.733(0.306)* | 0.721(0.305)* | |
| Government Subsidies (No) | −0.821(0.217)*** | −0.470(0.194)* | −0.437(0.193)* | ||||
| Occupation (Inside State-owned Business) | −2.579(0.247)*** | −1.057(0.244)*** | −1.069(0.243)*** | ||||
| Education b | |||||||
| (Elementary School) | −3.220(0.223)*** | −3.121(0.222)*** | −3.127(0.221)*** | ||||
| (Middle School) | −5.768(0.2645)*** | −5.320(0.279)*** | − 5.284(0.279)*** | ||||
| Smoking c | |||||||
| (Quit) | 0.117(0.277) | ||||||
| (Still) | 0.641(0.219)** | ||||||
| Community Setting(Urban) | −2.278(0.208)*** | −2.100(0.212)*** | −1.788(0.226)*** | −1.381(0.216)*** | −1.227(0.191)*** | −0.830(0.207)*** | −0.822(0.206)*** |
| Urban × Linear Time Slope | −0.240(0.165) | − 0.240(0.165) | −0.240(0.165) | − 0.240(0.165) | −0.240(0.165) | − 0.240(0.165) | −0.240(0.165) |
| Urban × Quadratic Time Steepness | 0.320(0.162)* | 0.320(0.162)* | 0.320(0.163)*** | 0.320(0.163)* | 0.320(0.163)* | 0.320(0.163)* | 0.320(0.163)* |
| Random Variance | |||||||
| Residual | 10.841 | 10.866 | 10.867 | 10.872 | 10.872 | 10.872 | 10.872 |
| Within Community | |||||||
| Intercept/Initial Level | 3.189 | 9.689 | 8.104 | 9.653 | 6.958 | 6.489 | 5.701 |
| Time slope/Decline Rate | 0.072 | 0.217 | 0.183 | 0.225 | 0.210 | 0.116 | 0.182 |
| Between Community | |||||||
| Intercept/Initial Level | 11.025 | 2.299 | 3.750 | 1.384 | 1.566 | 1.837 | 2.551 |
| Time slope/Decline Rate | 0.248 | 0.052 | 0.085 | 0.033 | 0.048 | 0.141 | 0.075 |
| AIC | 29,533 | 29,320 | 29,307 | 29,216 | 28,908 | 28,884 | 28,878 |
| BIC | 29,618 | 29,424 | 29,418 | 29,327 | 29,025 | 29,015 | 29,022 |
| χ2(df) | M2 vs M1 219.49(3) *** | M3 vs M2 14.27(1) *** |
M4 vs M3 91.02 (0) *** |
M5 vs M4 310.50(1) *** |
M6 vs M5 27.97 (2) *** |
M7 vs M6 9.62 (2)** |
|
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001
aage was measured as a baseline level at first wave
billiterate was set as reference level
cNever smoker was set as reference level