Table 1.

Example of meaning units, condensed meaning units, and subcategories

Meaning unit	Condensed meaning unit	Code	Subcategory	Category
“I think positive that well-being come when the baby is born“	To have positive thinking about coming birth	Hope for Healthy baby	Hope for normality	A dilemma; hope and worries
“In an ultrasound examination, they (sonographer) told my friend that her fetus had a problem with the head, but when the baby was born, he was healthy… It will happen to me, too”	Hope for wrong ultrasound examination	Hope for wrong result
“I know this may not be a successful surgery for the heart defect and my boy is being cared for NICU and neonatal specialist … but I can’t help but worry about a heavy bill”	Worry about postoperative mortality and high costs of medical care	worried about the postnatal situation	Worried about future