Table 3.

The association between cerebrolysin use and clinical outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury based on subgroup analysis

Variables	Ka	I2 (%)	Q test	SMD (95% CI)	P-value
GOS
Total	16	87.8	123.32	0.30 (0.18 to 0.42)	<0.001
Type of disease
Mild TBI	4	93.4	45.76	0.17 (−0.06 to 0.40)	0.14
Moderate to severe TBI	12	76.0	45.79	0.36 (0.24 to 0.49)	<0.001
Dosage of cerebrolysin (mL/day)
>20	7	86.1	43.32	0.45 (0.25 to 0.65)	<0.001
≤20	9	85.1	54.96	0.20 (0.06 to 0.34)	<0.01
Duration of study (days)
≤10	7	83.2	35.72	0.36 (0.21 to 0.51)	0.01
10–30	6	90.6	53.14	0.23 (0.04 to 0.42)	<0.001
>30	3	67.6	6.18	0.37 (−0.13 to 0.87)	0.14
mRS
Total	16	89.6	143.67	−0.29 (−0.42 to −0.16)	0.05
Type of disease
Mild TBI	4	89.7	29.16	−0.15 (−0.33 to 0.04)	0.11
Moderate to severe TBI	12	83.7	67.52	−0.36 (−0.51 to −0.21)	<0.001
Dosage of cerebrolysin (mL/day)
>20	7	80.4	30.60	−0.42 (−0.59 to −0.25)	<0.001
≤20	9	89.6	92.99	−0.29 (−0.42 to −0.16)	0.03
Duration of study (days)
≤10	7	87.8	49.05	−0.28 (−0.45 to −0.05)	<0.01
0–30	6	92.8	69.22	−0.28 (−0.49 to −0.06)	0.01
>30	3	97.2	9.47	−0.46 (−1.09 to 0.17)	0.15

Note:

^aK denotes number of SMD included.

Abbreviations: GOS, Glasgow Outcome Scale; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; SMD, standardized mean differences; TBI, traumatic brain injury.