Table 4.
Path Estimates for Structural Models of Maternal Depression, Big Five, and Offspring Behavior Problems Rated by Mothers
| Neuroticism
|
Conscientiousness
|
Agreeableness
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (β) | SE | B 95% CI | B (β) | SE | B 95% CI | B (β) | SE | B 95% CI | |
| Direct Effects | |||||||||
| Group (O-MD = 1) to Int. | .35 (.43) | .08 | [.19, .50] | −.15 (−.13) | .12 | [−.40, .09] | −.27 (−.22) | .12 | [−.51, −.03] |
| Group to Slope | .01 (.05) | .03 | [−.05, .07] | −.07 (−.30) | .03 | [−.12, −.01] | −.04 (−.26) | .03 | [−.09, .01] |
| Group to INT | .15 (.13) | .18 | [−.30, .41] | .24 (.20) | .19 | [−.30, .49] | .15 (.13) | .17 | [−.30, .40] |
| Group to EXT | .29 (.17) | .21 | [−.15, .68] | .25 (.15) | .22 | [−.23, .58] | −.08 (−.05) | .21 | [−.55, .28] |
| Intercept to INT | .62 (.44) | .20 | [.31, 1.11] | −.19 (−.20) | .09 | [−.39, −.04] | −.30 (−.32) | .12 | [−.58, −.12] |
| Slope to INT | 3.02 (.55) | 2.50 | [1.29, 10.51] | −2.19 (−.41) | 2.43 | [−12.13, −.47] | −4.32 (−.54) | 1.87 | [−8.98, −1.30] |
| Intercept to EXT | .56 (.26) | .31 | [.06, 1.28] | −.66 (−.47) | .18 | [−1.09, −.35] | −.88 (−.64) | .14 | [−1.15, −.60] |
| Slope to EXT | 1.46 (.18) | 2.65 | [−1.89, 8.75] | −2.59 (−.33) | 3.05 | [−14.53, −.41] | −8.67 (−.75) | 1.66 | [−13.08, −6.17] |
| Indirect Effects | |||||||||
| Group to INT via Int. | .22 (.19) | .10 | [.08, .49] | .03 (.03) | .03 | [−.01, .12] | .08 (.07) | .05 | [.01, .21] |
| Group to INT via Slope | .03 (.03) | .14 | [−.23, .32] | .16 (.12) | .16 | [.02, .75] | .16 (.14) | .14 | [−.01, .59] |
| Group to EXT via Int. | .20 (.11) | .13 | [.02, .55] | .09 (.06) | .09 | [−.04, .33] | .23 (.14) | .12 | [.03, .51] |
| Group to EXT via Slope | .01 (.01) | .10 | [−.08, .37] | .20 (.10) | .20 | [.02, 1.00] | .33 (.19) | .25 | [−.08, .91] |
| Extraversion
|
Openness to Experience
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (β) | SE | B 95% CI | B (β) | SE | B 95% CI | |
| Direct Effects | ||||||
| Group to Intercept | −.11 (−.09) | .12 | [−.34, .13] | .19 (.17) | .12 | [−.06, .41] |
| Group to Slope | −.02 (−.05) | .03 | [−.08, .05] | .03 (.18) | .03 | [−.03, .09] |
| Group to INT | .39 (.33) | .11 | [.17, .60] | .42 (.36) | .14 | [.19, .73] |
| Group to EXT | .55 (.31) | .17 | [.26, .92] | .60 (.34) | .24 | [.21, 1.17] |
| Intercept to INT | .04 (.04) | .13 | [−.17, .34] | −.04 (−.04) | .11 | [−.25, .18] |
| Slope to INT | −.81 (−.20) | .56 | [−2.12, .07] | −.50 (−.07) | 1.79 | [−6.02, 1.65] |
| Intercept to EXT. | .25 (.16) | .22 | [−.09, .75] | −.26 (−.17) | .20 | [−.68, .11] |
| Slope to EXT | .57 (.10) | 1.20 | [−2.35, 2.29] | −1.46 (−.14) | 3.08 | [−13.94, .83] |
| Indirect Effects | ||||||
| Group to INT via Int. | −.004 (−.003) | .02 | [−.07, .02] | −.01 (−.01) | .03 | [−.08, .03] |
| Group to INT via Slope | .01 (.01) | .04 | [−.03, .12] | −.02 (−.01) | .07 | [−.39, .03] |
| Group to EXT via Int. | −.03 (−.02) | .04 | [−.17, .03] | −.05 (−.03) | .05 | [−.23, .01] |
| Group to EXT via Slope | −.01 (−.01) | .04 | [−.14, .04] | −.04 (−.03) | .14 | [−.92, .03] |
Notes: Standardized coefficients are listed in parentheses. Group is coded 0 = O-HC and 1 = O-MD. Abbreviations: INT = Internalizing problems; EXT = Externalizing problems; MDD = maternal depressive disorder; Int = Intercept.