Table 5.
Path Estimates for Structural Models of Maternal Depression, Big Five, and Offspring Behavior Problems Rated by Teachers
| Neuroticism
|
Conscientiousness
|
Agreeableness
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (β) | SE | B 95% CI | B (β) | SE | B 95% CI | B (β) | SE | B 95% CI | |
| Direct Effects | |||||||||
| Group (O-MD = 1) to Int. | .36 (.44) | .08 | [.19, .51] | −.15 (−.13) | .13 | [−.40, .08] | −.28 (−.23) | .12 | [−.52, −.05] |
| Group to Slope | .01 (.06) | .03 | [−.05, .08] | −.07 (−.31) | .03 | [−.12, −.01] | −.04 (−.54) | .03 | [−.10, .003] |
| Group to INT | .05 (.05) | .17 | [−.29, .36] | −.002 (−.002) | .15 | [−.33, .24] | −.25 (−.22) | .21 | [−1.34, −.05] |
| Group to EXT | .15 (.07) | .32 | [−.50, .75] | .04 (.02) | .31 | [−.74, .44] | −.82 (−.40) | .47 | [−2.72, −.29] |
| Intercept to INT | −.01 (−.01) | .23 | [−.45, .44] | −.09 (−.10) | .11 | [−.30, .12] | .05 (.05) | .13 | [−.20, .31] |
| Slope to INT | .68 (.12) | 1.59 | [−1.58, 4.22] | −.76 (−.14) | 1.52 | [−4.94, .98] | −7.26 (−.53) | 3.36 | [−18.13, −4.08] |
| Intercept to EXT | .38 (.15) | .47 | [−.45, 1.47] | −.60 (−.36) | .25 | [−1.24, −.21] | −.39 (−.23) | .27 | [−.96, .08] |
| Slope to EXT | 1.39 (.13) | 4.72 | [−3.79, 17.22] | −3.14 (−.32) | 4.32 | [−19.99, −.07] | −22.58 (−.91) | 8.05 | [−43.04, −13.95] |
| Indirect Effects | |||||||||
| Group to INT via Int. | −.003 (−.003) | .08 | [−.17, .17] | .02 (.01) | .02 | [−.01, .09] | −.01 (−.01) | .04 | [−.12, .04] |
| Group to INT via Slope | .01 (.01) | .06 | [−.04, .21] | .10 (.04) | .10 | [−.04, .37] | .32 (.28) | .21 | [.10, 1.48] |
| Group to EXT via Int. | .14 (.07) | .19 | [−.14, .63] | .09 (.05) | .09 | [−.02, .36] | .11 (.05) | .08 | [−.001, .35] |
| Group to EXT via Slope | .02 (.01) | .16 | [−.11, .68] | .30 (.10) | .30 | [.003, 1.50] | 1.00 (.49) | .49 | [.43, 3.11] |
| Extraversion
|
Openness to Experience
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (β) | SE | B 95% CI | B (β) | SE | B 95% CI | |
| Direct Effects | ||||||
| Group to Intercept | −.11 (−.09) | .12 | [−.34, .13] | .19 (.17) | .12 | [−.06, .41] |
| Group to Slope | −.02 (−.06) | .03 | [−.08, .05] | .03 (.18) | .03 | [−.03, .09] |
| Group to INT | .05 (.04) | .13 | [−.21, .29] | .03 (.03) | .15 | [−.29, .29] |
| Group to EXT | .33 (.16) | .21 | [−.05, .80] | .32 (.16) | .29 | [−.14, 1.01] |
| Intercept to INT | −.08 (−.08) | .13 | [−.33, .18] | .02 (.02) | .12 | [−.20, .29] |
| Slope to INT | .10 (.03) | .58 | [−1.11, 1.06] | .68 (.10) | 1.89 | [−2.22, 5.85] |
| Intercept to EXT. | .27 (.15) | .17 | [−.03, .64] | −.07 (−.04) | .20 | [−.42, .37] |
| Slope to EXT | −.13 (−.02) | 1.43 | [−3.50, 2.16] | −.52 (−.04) | 4.26 | [−13.29, 5.29] |
| Indirect Effects | ||||||
| Group to INT via Int. | .01 (.01) | .02 | [−.02, .09] | .004 (.004) | .03 | [−.04, .08] |
| Group to INT via Slope | −.002 (−.001) | .02 | [−.07, .02] | .02 (.02) | .08 | [−.04, .34] |
| Group to EXT via Int. | −.03 (−.01) | .04 | [−.16, .03] | −.01 (−.01) | .05 | [−.15, .05] |
| Group to EXT via Slope | .002 (.001) | .05 | [−.08, .16] | −.02 (−.01) | .18 | [−.87, .13] |
Notes: Standardized coefficients are listed in parentheses. Group is coded 0 = O-HC and 1 = O-MD. Abbreviations: INT = Internalizing problems; EXT = Externalizing problems; MDD = maternal depressive disorder; Int = Intercept.