Potential exercise training alterations to the systemic environment during cancer cachexia. Systemic disruptions (eg, inflammation, anemia, hypogonadism) have been identified as therapeutic targets of cancer cachexia. Resistance and aerobic exercise training can positively influence these characteristics, and therefore may be a potential target to increase patient survival. Abbreviations: REE, resting energy expenditure; O2, oxygen; BMD, bone mineral density; AR, androgen receptor.