Table 1.
Cohort characteristics stratified according to hypertension.
| All | No hypertension | Hypertension | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 241 | 98 (41%) | 143 (59%) |
| Age (years) | 65 ± 10 | 61 ± 10 | 69 ± 9∗∗∗ |
| Women | 30% | 33% | 29% |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.5 ± 4.0 | 25.0 ± 3.3 | 27.6 ± 4.1∗∗∗ |
| Metabolic syndrome | 53% | 27% | 71%∗∗∗ |
| Diabetes | 1.7% | 0.0% | 2.8% |
| Antihypertensive treatment | 54% | 0% | 91%∗∗∗ |
| CV disease | 12% | 4% | 17% |
| Cardiovascular phenotypes | |||
| PP (mmHg) | 55 ± 16 | 46 ± 12 | 61 ± 16∗∗∗ |
| HR (min−1) | 69 ± 11 | 68 ± 9 | 70 ± 11 |
| Carotid IMT (mm) | 0.75 ± 0.11 | 0.69 ± 0.09 | 0.79 ± 0.11∗∗∗ |
| Carotid plaque (yes) | 54% | 34% | 68%∗∗∗ |
| cfPWV (m/s) | 12.9 ± 3.7 | 11.3 ± 2.7 | 14.0 ± 3.9∗∗∗ |
| Saliva parameters | |||
| Sodium (mM) | 15.2 (12.2–19.3) | 14.5 (11.5–18.6) | 15.4 (12.8–19.4) |
| Potassium (mM) | 31.2 (25.5–36.8) | 29.2 (25.1–34.7) | 32.4 (26.0–38.5)∗∗ |
| Phosphate (mM) | 6.61 (5.16–8.99) | 6.33 (5.10–8.78) | 6.80 (5.24–9.18) |
| Calcium (mM) | 0.31 (0.25–0.40) | 0.28 (0.23–0.37) | 0.31 (0.26–0.42)∗ |
| Sodium/potassium ratio | 0.48 (0.39–0.58) | 0.48 (0.38–0.60) | 0.47 (0.39–0.56) |
| Calcium/phosphate ratio | 0.047 (0.032–0.067) | 0.046 (0.032–0.063) | 0.048 (0.032–0.072) |
| Plasma parameters | |||
| Potassium (mM) | 4.2 (4.0–4.5) | 4.3 (4.1–4.5) | 4.2 (4.0–4.5) |
| Sodium (mM) | 140 (140–142) | 141 (140–142) | 142 (140–142) |
| Calcium (mM) | 95 (93–97) | 94 (92–96) | 96 (93–98)∗∗∗ |
| Sodium/potassium ratio | 33.5 (31.6–35.0) | 33.1 (31.7–34.9) | 33.8 (31.2–35.3) |
| Total cholesterol (g/L) | 2.14 (1.93–2.39) | 2.15 (1.93–2.39) | 2.10 (1.90–2.40) |
| LDL cholesterol (g/L) | 1.45 (1.25–1.65) | 1.50 (1.30–1.66) | 1.39 (1.20–1.59)∗ |
| HDL cholesterol (g/L) | 0.49 (0.41–0.59) | 0.52 (0.44–0.63) | 0.47 (0.39–0.57)∗∗ |
| Triglycerides (g/L) | 0.97 (0.74–1.26) | 0.90 (0.72–1.08) | 1.08 (0.81–1.55)∗∗ |
| Glucose (g/L) | 0.99 (0.94–1.06) | 0.97 (0.93–1.03) | 1.01 (0.95–1.08)∗∗ |
Data are expressed as either mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) for normally and nonnormally distributed data, respectively. Statistically significant differences were determined using either a Student's t-test (normally distributed data) or Wilcoxon signed-rank test (nonnormally distributed data) for continuous variable. A chi-square test was used for categorical data. ∗ P < 0.05; ∗∗ P < 0.01; ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 vs. no hypertension.